菌根真菌丰富度的全球热点地区保护不力，这一成果由美国保护地下网络协会Johan van den Hoogen研究组经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2025年7月23日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，该课题组在25000个地理定位土壤样本的全球数据集上训练机器学习算法，这些土壤样本超过28亿真菌DNA序列。研究小组预测了陆地生态系统中真菌和外生菌根真菌的丰富度和稀有性。在这些预测的基础上，该课题组研究人员生成了高分辨率的全球尺度地图，并确定了高度多样化和地方性菌根群落的关键储层。与菌根热点区相交的保护区表明，目前保护区中存在的预测菌根丰富度热点不到10%。他们的研究结果描述了地球地下生态系统中一个很大程度上隐藏的组成部分，可以帮助确定保护的优先事项，设定监测基准，并制定具体的恢复计划和土地管理策略。

据悉，菌根真菌是维持植物生命和帮助调节地球生物地球化学循环的生态系统工程师。然而，与植物和动物相比，菌根真菌生物多样性的全球分布在很大程度上是未知的，这限制了它们监测和保护关键地下生态系统的能力。

附：英文原文

Title: Global hotspots of mycorrhizal fungal richness are poorly protected

Author: Van Nuland, Michael E., Averill, Colin, Stewart, Justin D., Prylutskyi, Oleh, Corrales, Adriana, van Galen, Laura G., Manley, Bethan F., Qin, Clara, Lauber, Thomas, Mikryukov, Vladimir, Dulia, Olesia, Furci, Giuliana, Marn, Csar, Sheldrake, Merlin, Weedon, James T., Peay, Kabir G., Cornwallis, Charlie K., Vtrovsk, Tom, Kohout, Petr, Baldrian, Petr, Tedersoo, Leho, West, Stuart A., Crowther, Thomas W., Kiers, E. Toby, van den Hoogen, Johan

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-23

Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi are ecosystem engineers that sustain plant life and help regulate Earth’s biogeochemical cycles1,2,3. However, in contrast to plants and animals, the global distribution of mycorrhizal fungal biodiversity is largely unknown, which limits our ability to monitor and protect key underground ecosystems4,5. Here we trained machine-learning algorithms on a global dataset of 25,000 geolocated soil samples comprising >2.8billion fungal DNA sequences. We predicted arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness and rarity across terrestrial ecosystems. On the basis of these predictions, we generated high-resolution, global-scale maps and identified key reservoirs of highly diverse and endemic mycorrhizal communities. Intersecting protected areas with mycorrhizal hotspots indicated that less than 10% of predicted mycorrhizal richness hotspots currently exist in protected areas. Our results describe a largely hidden component of Earth’s underground ecosystems and can help identify conservation priorities, set monitoring benchmarks and create specific restoration plans and land-management strategies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09277-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09277-4