中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所凌宏清小组宣布他们的研究开发出了基因组学驱动下小麦抗黄锈病优良等位基因和基因的发现。该研究于2025年7月22日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

为了解决这个问题，课题组对全球2191种小麦的各种数据进行了全面分析，并对几种环境和病原体种的47000多条YR反应记录进行了分析。通过全基因组关联研究，研究人员建立了431个YR抗性位点的图谱，为抗性基因的部署提供了丰富的抗性资源。

此外，课题组人员克隆了三个抗性位点对应的基因，即Yr5x(对多个条锈菌生理小种有效)、Yr6/Pm5（赋予对两种病原菌的抗性）和YrKB (TaEDR2-B；具有广谱抗逆性而不损失产量)。这些发现为小麦抗病的遗传基础提供了有价值的见解，为小麦的持久抗病工程奠定了基础。

据介绍，由条锈病引起的黄锈病（YR）对全球小麦生产构成了重大威胁。培育抗病品种对控制该病至关重要。然而，他们对YR抗性的遗传机制的理解仍然是碎片化的。

附：英文原文

Title: Genomics-driven discovery of superior alleles and genes for yellow rust resistance in wheat

Author: Wu, Jianhui, Ma, Shengwei, Niu, Jianqing, Sun, Weihang, Dong, Haitao, Zheng, Shusong, Zhao, Jiwen, Liu, Shengjie, Yu, Rui, Li, Ying, Han, Jinyu, Wang, Yimin, Chen, Tiantian, Zhang, Chuanliang, Zhang, Wenjing, Ding, Bingyou, Chang, Lu, Xue, Wenbo, Zheng, Weijun, Li, Chunlian, Han, Dejun, Kang, Zhensheng, Zeng, Qingdong, Ling, Hong-Qing

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-22

Abstract: Yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. Breeding resistant cultivars is crucial for managing this disease. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying YR resistance remains fragmented. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive analysis with variome data from 2,191 wheat accessions worldwide and over 47,000 YR response records across several environments and pathogen races. Through genome-wide association studies, we established a landscape of 431 YR resistance loci, providing a rich resource for resistance gene deployment. Furthermore, we cloned genes corresponding to three resistance loci, namely Yr5x (effective against several P.striiformis f. sp. tritici races), Yr6/Pm5 (conferred resistance to two pathogen species) and YrKB (TaEDR2-B; conferring broad-spectrum rust resistance without yield penalty). These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic basis of YR resistance in wheat and lay the foundation for engineering wheat with durable disease resistance.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02259-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02259-2