近日，美国退伍军人事务康涅狄格医疗保健系统教授Joel Gelernter及其研究团队开发出关于身体活动及其与健康、幸福和疾病关系的背景基因组观点。2025年7月21日出版的《自然—遗传学》发表了这项成果。

利用百万退伍军人计划的数据，该课题组对休闲、工作和家庭时间的PA进行了基因分析。研究人员利用英国生物银行（UK Biobank）的数据，对189812名欧洲血统个体（基于snp的遗传力(h²) = 0.083±0.005）、27,044名非洲血统个体（h² = 0.034±0.017）和10,263名拉丁美洲血统个体（h² = 0.083±0.036）进行了跨祖先荟萃分析，确定了70个先导变异。从基因上讲，休闲时间的PA与在家或工作时的PA不同，后两者在健康结果和寿命方面表现出较少的健康益处。孟德尔随机化分析显示，休闲时间PA对COVID-19住院治疗有保护作用(β=0.067± 0.016;P = 2.8 × 10 × ^-5)，并与心血管和呼吸系统疾病、代谢特征和衰老等其他特征有关。这些发现为PA的生物学提供了新的见解，显示了休闲时间PA的特定健康益处。

据介绍，体育活动（PA）是动物王国中最基本的特征之一，具有普遍的健康益处，并受基因影响。

附：英文原文

Title: A contextual genomic perspective on physical activity and its relationship to health, well being and illness

Author: Galimberti, Marco, Levey, Daniel F., Deak, Joseph D., Adhikari, Keyrun, Overstreet, Cassie, Gupta, Priya, Nitin, Rachana, Zhou, Hang, Lake, Nicole J., Harrington, Kelly M., Djousse, Luc, Davis, Lea K., Gaziano, J. Michael, Stein, Murray B., Gelernter, Joel

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-21

Abstract: Physical activity (PA) is one of the most fundamental traits in the animal kingdom, has pervasive health benefits, and is genetically influenced. Using data from the Million Veteran Program, we conducted genetic analyses of leisure, work and home-time PA. For leisure, we included 189,812 individuals of European ancestry (SNP-based heritability (h2)=0.083±0.005), 27,044 of African ancestry (h2=0.034±0.017) and 10,263 of Latin American ancestry (h2=0.083±0.036) in a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with UK Biobank data, identifying 70 lead variants. Leisure-time PA was genetically distinct from PA at home or work, with the latter two showing less health benefit with respect to health outcomes and lifespan. Mendelian randomization analyses showed a protective role of leisure-time PA against COVID-19 hospitalization (β=0.067±0.016; P=2.8×105), and with other traits including cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases, metabolic traits and aging. These findings provide new insights into the biology of PA, showing specific causal health benefits of leisure-time PA.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02260-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02260-9