近日，荷兰莱顿大学M. K. McClure团队在嵌入的原行星盘中检测到难熔固体凝结。相关论文于2025年7月16日发表在《自然》杂志上。

理论上，太阳系中的类地行星和小天体是由星际固体与岩石固体混合而成的，岩石固体是由高温冷却气体沉淀而成的。第一批高温矿物从这个气体储层中重新凝聚，开始了行星形成的时钟。然而，这种初始热气体的产生机制及其在其他系统中对行星形成的重要性尚不清楚。

研究组报告天文探测到这个t=0的瞬间，捕捉到一个新行星系统开始组装的基石。詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）和阿塔卡马大型毫米波阵列（ALMA）在红外和毫米波波段观测到年轻的原恒星HOPS-315，揭示了一个温暖的一氧化硅气体和结晶硅酸盐矿物储层，位于恒星2.2 AU，物理上与毫米SiO喷流隔离。

与快速晶粒生长的冷凝模型和圆盘结构模型的比较表明，形成的难熔固体类似于太阳系中的固体。该结果表明，内盘区域的环境受到星际固体升华和随后来自该气藏的难熔固体再冷凝的影响，其时间尺度与太阳系的难熔冷凝相当。

附：英文原文

Title: Refractory solid condensation detected in an embedded protoplanetary disk

Author: McClure, M. K., vant Hoff, Merel, Francis, Logan, Bergin, Edwin, Rocha, Will R. M., Sturm, J. A., Harsono, Daniel, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Black, John H., Noble, J. A., Qasim, D., Dartois, E.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-16

Abstract: Terrestrial planets and small bodies in our Solar System are theorized to have assembled from interstellar solids mixed with rocky solids that precipitated from a hot, cooling gas1,2. The first high-temperature minerals to recondense from this gaseous reservoir start the clock on planet formation3,4. However, the production mechanism of this initial hot gas and its importance to planet formation in other systems are unclear. Here we report the astronomical detection of this t=0 moment, capturing the building blocks of a new planetary system beginning its assembly. The young protostar HOPS-315 is observed at infrared and millimetre wavelengths with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), revealing a reservoir of warm silicon monoxide gas and crystalline silicate minerals low in the atmosphere of a disk within 2.2AU of the star, physically isolated from the millimetre SiO jet. Comparison with condensation models with rapid grain growth and disk structure models suggests the formation of refractory solids analogous to those in our Solar System. Our results indicate that the environment in the inner disk region is influenced by sublimation of interstellar solids and subsequent refractory solid recondensation from this gas reservoir on timescales comparable with refractory condensation in our own Solar System.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09163-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09163-z