近日，华中科技大学黄云辉教授和袁利霞教授、浙江大学陆俊教授合作研究了液-液界面张力稳定的锂金属电池。这一研究成果于2025年7月16日发表在《自然》杂志上。

锂（Li）金属阳极与高镍阴极的组合被认为有望突破500 Wh/kg的能量密度阈值。为了达到如此高的能量密度，能够稳定阳极和阴极界面相的电解质对于确保电池的安全性和长期循环性能至关重要。尽管阴离子衍生的无机界面相在锂侧已展现出显著成效，但开发同时保护两种电极的内在策略仍是关键挑战。 

研究组报道了一种微乳液策略用于电解质设计，该策略绕过了锂离子（Li⁺）溶剂化调节，并为两个电极均产生了富含氟化物的界面相。具体而言，是胶束与碳酸盐溶剂之间的液-液界面张力，而非电场，推动氟化物液滴向阳极和阴极移动。通过这种方式，可以增强两个电极的界面相构建，并使其与溶剂化结构策略解耦。

通过使用微乳液电解质，两个能量密度分别为531 Wh·kg⁻¹和547 Wh·kg⁻¹的软包全电池在循环189次和155次后，容量分别保持了81%和79%。液-液界面张力的引入为界面相调节和电解质设计提供了新视角，并为高压锂金属电池的开发铺平了道路。

附：英文原文

Title: Liquid–liquid interfacial tension stabilized Li-metal batteries

Author: Ji, Haijin, Xiang, Jingwei, Li, Yong, Zheng, Mengting, Yuan, Lixia, Liao, Yaqi, Du, Lin, Li, Zezhuo, Xie, Zhangyating, Huang, Kai, Lin, Xing, Xie, Zhengkun, Shen, Yue, Chen, Ming, Li, Tongjiang, Feng, Guang, Sun, Yongming, Qie, Long, Li, Hui, Zhang, Fangshu, Guo, Rui, Feng, Xuning, Chen, Weihua, Ai, Xinping, Lu, Jun, Huang, Yunhui

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-16

Abstract: A lithium (Li)-metal anode paired with a high-nickel cathode is considered to be a combination that holds promise to surpass the 500Whkg1 threshold1,2. Approaching such high energy density, electrolytes capable of stabilizing both anode and cathode interphases are of importance to secure safe and long-term cycling3,4. Although anion-derived inorganic interphases have shown remarkable success at the Li side5,6,7, developing intrinsic strategies to concurrently protect both electrodes remains a key challenge. Here we report a micro-emulsion strategy for electrolyte design that bypasses the Li+ solvation regulation and produces fluoride-rich interphases for both electrodes. Specifically, liquid–liquid interfacial tension between the micelles and carbonate solvents, rather than the electric field, propels the motion of fluorinated droplets towards the anode and the cathode. In this way, the interphase construction of both electrodes can be enhanced and decoupled from the solvation structure strategy. Through use of the micro-emulsion electrolyte, two pouch full cells with energy densities of 531 Whkg1 and 547Whkg1 retain 81% and 79% of their capacity after 189 and 155 cycles, respectively. The introduction of liquid–liquid interfacial tension provides a perspective for interphase regulation and electrolyte design, and paves the way for the development of high-voltage Li-metal batteries.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09293-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09293-4