清华大学刘玉乐小组的研究显示，植物广谱免疫的自活性nlr重组。相关论文于2025年7月16日发表在《自然》杂志上。

在这里，该课题组研究人员报告了一种创新的策略，通过表达一种嵌合蛋白来设计植物的广谱、持久和完全的抗病能力，这种嵌合蛋白含有一个柔性多肽，加上一个单一或双重保守的病原体起源的蛋白酶裂解位点，在框架中与N终止它们的自身活性核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸的重复免疫受体（NLR），该受体含有一个螺旋状或抗白粉病8样螺旋状结构域。在入侵后，病原体产生的特异性蛋白酶将无活性的嵌合蛋白切割成游离的自活性NLR，从而引发植物的广谱抗病性。该研究组证明了一个单一的工程化NLR可以赋予广谱和完全抵抗多个多肽病毒主题。考虑到跨界的许多致病生物都编码蛋白酶，这种策略有可能被用来控制植物中的病毒、细菌、卵菌、真菌、线虫和害虫。

据悉，重塑植物免疫受体已成为创造新的抗病性状以对抗植物病原体对全球粮食安全和环境可持续性日益增长的威胁的重要策略。然而，目前的方法受到植物病原体快速进化的限制，往往缺乏广谱和持久的保护。

附：英文原文

Title: Remodelling autoactive NLRs for broad-spectrum immunity in plants

Author: Wang, Junzhu, Chen, Tianyuan, Zhang, Zhendong, Song, Mengjie, Shen, Tianxin, Wang, Xin, Zheng, Xiyin, Wang, Yan, Song, Ke, Ge, Xiaoyang, Xu, Kai, Qi, Tiancong, Li, Fuguang, Hong, Yiguo, Liu, Yule

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-16

Abstract: Remodelling plant immune receptors has become a vital strategy for creating new disease resistance traits to combat the growing threat of plant pathogens to global food security and environmental sustainability1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. However, current methods are constrained by the rapid evolution of plant pathogens and often lack broad-spectrum and durable protection. Here we report an innovative strategy to engineer broad-spectrum, durable and complete disease resistance in plants through expression of a chimeric protein containing a flexible polypeptide coupled with a single or dual conserved pathogen-originated protease cleavage site fused in frame to the Nterminus of an autoactive nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat immune receptor (NLR) containing a coiled-coil or RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8-like coiled-coil domain. Following invasion, pathogen-originated specific proteases cleave the inactive chimeric protein to form free autoactive NLR, triggering broad-spectrum plant disease resistance. We demonstrate that a single engineered NLR can confer broad-spectrum and complete resistance against multiple potyviruses. Given that many pathogenic organisms across kingdoms encode proteases, this strategy has the potential to be exploited to control viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, nematodes and pests in plants.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09252-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09252-z