2025年7月16日，耶鲁大学医学院Andrew L. Goodman研究组在《自然》杂志发表论文，宣布他们研究出鉴定影响肠道感染的药物-微生物相互作用。

在这里，研究团队确定了与胃肠道感染风险增加相关的药物，这些药物监测了超过15年的100多万人。值得注意的是，本流行病学研究中发现的心脏糖苷地高辛和其他药物足以改变微生物组的组成，并增加鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（S. Tm）感染风险。地高辛治疗对S. Tm感染的影响是通过微生物组传播的，这种相互作用的特征突出了地高辛反应性β-防御素，它改变了微生物组的组成和随后对入侵病原体的免疫监视。结合流行病学和实验方法，它们为揭示增加人类感染风险的药物-宿主-微生物组-病原体相互作用提供了机会。

据悉，美国大多数人通过服用至少一种处方药来管理自己的健康，而被归类为非抗生素的药物会对肠道微生物群产生不利影响，并破坏肠道内稳态。

附：英文原文

Title: Identification of medication–microbiome interactions that affect gut infection

Author: Kumar, Aman, Sun, Ruizheng, Habib, Bettina, Deng, Tong, Bencivenga-Barry, Natasha A., Palm, Noah W., Ivanov, Ivaylo I., Tamblyn, Robyn, Goodman, Andrew L.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-16

Abstract: Most people in the USA manage their health by taking at least one prescription drug, and drugs classified as non-antibiotics can adversely affect the gut microbiome and disrupt intestinal homeostasis1,2. Here we identify medications that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal infections across a population cohort of more than one million individuals monitored over 15 years. Notably, the cardiac glycoside digoxin and other drugs identified in this epidemiological study are sufficient to alter the composition of the microbiome and the risk of infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) in mice. The effect of digoxin treatment on S. Tm infection is transmissible through the microbiome, and characterization of this interaction highlights a digoxin-responsive β-defensin that alters the microbiome composition and consequent immune surveillance of the invading pathogen. Combining epidemiological and experimental approaches thus provides an opportunity to uncover drug–host–microbiome–pathogen interactions that increase the risk of infections in humans.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09273-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09273-8