近日，美国加州大学教授Mercedes F. Paredes小组的最新研究提出了脑回畸形大脑中扩大的室下区支持出生后皮层神经元间迁移。这一研究成果于2025年7月14日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《自然—神经科学》上。

在这里，研究组证明新生儿脑回畸形，包括人类，非人类灵长类动物和仔猪，由于其弯曲的形态和扩大的神经母细胞群，拥有一个复杂的心室下区，称为弧。无脑狨猴和单主题猴的大脑中没有弧区。转录组学和组织学方法显示，Arc神经元是来自内侧和尾侧神经节突起的多种中间神经元，可迁移到额叶、扣带和颞叶皮层。与其他区域相比，弧皮质靶区VIP⁺神经元密度增加。他们的研究结果表明，Arc是一种发育结构，支持脑回畸形大脑皮层间神经元模式的出生后神经元迁移扩张。

据介绍，大脑腹侧发育过程中产生的皮层GABA能中间神经元要经过长途跋涉才能到达最终目的地。虽然在新生儿大脑中有中间神经元迁移的例子，但出生后跨物种迁移的程度以及它如何影响皮层中间神经元的组成仍然未知。

附：英文原文

Title: An expanded subventricular zone supports postnatal cortical interneuron migration in gyrencephalic brains

Author: Kim, JaeYeon, Poddar, Aunoy, Sandoval, Kadellyn, Chu, Julia, Horton, Emma, Cui, Di, Nakamura, Keira, Lu, I-Ling, Mui, Michael, Bartels, Theresa, Wood, Christian M., Ramos, Susana I., Rowitch, David H., Tsankova, Nadejda M., Kim, Hosung, Sherwood, Chet C., Kramer, Boris W., Roberts, Angela C., Ross, Pablo J., Xu, Duan, Robertson, Nicola J., Maga, Elizabeth A., Ji, Peng, Paredes, Mercedes F.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-14

Abstract: Cortical GABAergic interneurons generated in the ventral developing brain travel long distances to their final destinations. While there are examples of interneuron migration in the neonatal human brain, the extent of postnatal migration across species and how it contributes to cortical interneuron composition remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that neonatal gyrencephalic brains, including humans, nonhuman primates and piglets, harbor an elaborate subventricular zone, termed the Arc, due to its curved morphology and expanded neuroblast populations. The Arc is absent in lissencephalic marmoset and mouse brains. Transcriptomic and histological approaches revealed that Arc neurons are diverse interneurons from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences that migrate into the frontal, cingulate and temporal cortex. Arc–cortical targets exhibit an increase in VIP+ neuronal density compared to other regions. Our findings reveal that the Arc is a developmental structure that supports the expansion of postnatal neuronal migration for cortical interneuron patterning in gyrencephalic brains.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-01987-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-01987-2