在这项工作中，研究组表明，这些经验模式都来自于性染色体进化的单一理论，包括基因表达的顺式和反式调节因子的共同进化，并导致异配子F1杂交中剂量补偿基因的系统性错误表达，无论是年轻的还是年老的性染色体。
据悉，性染色体涉及三种主要的经验模式：(i) Y（或W）染色体通常不重组和退化；（ii）种间杂交的异种杂交后代（XY或ZW）与同种杂交后代相比，往往不育或不能存活（霍尔丹规则）；（iii）与常染色体相比，X（或Z）对物种间的生殖隔离有不成比例的大影响（大X效应）。每一项观察都有其独特的解释，涉及多个遗传和进化主题。
附：英文原文
Title: A single theory for the evolution of sex chromosomes and the two rules of speciation
Author: Thomas Lenormand, Denis Roze
Issue&Volume: 2025-07-10
Abstract: Sex chromosomes are involved in three major empirical patterns: (i) Y (or W) chromosomes are often nonrecombining and degenerate; (ii) heterogametic offspring (XY or ZW) from interspecific crosses are more often sterile or inviable compared with homogametic offspring (Haldane’s rule); and (iii) the X (or Z) has a disproportionately large effect on reproductive isolation between species compared with autosomes (the large X effect). Each observation has received its own tailored explanation involving multiple genetic and evolutionary causes. In this work, we show that these empirical patterns all emerge from a single theory for sex chromosome evolution incorporating the coevolution of cis- and trans-acting regulators of gene expression and leading to systematic misexpression of dosage-compensated genes in heterogametic F1 hybrids, for both young and old sex chromosomes.
DOI: ado9032
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado9032