近日，挪威科技大学Wagner, M.团队研究了塑料的化学复杂性。相关论文于2025年7月9日发表在《自然》杂志上。

塑料污染是一个普遍存在且日益严重的全球性问题。在防止和减轻塑料对人类健康、环境和循环经济影响的总体战略中，往往没有充分考虑到塑料中的化学品。

研究组列出了一份16,325种已知塑料化学物质的清单，重点是它们的特性、在塑料中的存在和危害。他们发现不同的化学结构服务于一小部分功能，包括5,776种添加剂，3,498种加工助剂，1,975种起始物质和1,788种非故意添加的物质。使用基于危害的方法，研究组确定了超过4,200种值得关注的化学品，这些化学品是持久性的、生物蓄积性的、可移动的或有毒的。

研究组还确定了15组优先化学品，其中40%以上的成员受到关注。最后，他们检查了关于塑料化学品的基本特性、危害、主题和暴露潜力的数据缺口。该工作描绘了塑料的化学景观，并有助于为向更安全、更可持续的材料和产品过渡设定基线。研究组建议，去除已知的令人担忧的化学物质，披露化学成分，简化塑料的配方，可以为实现这一目标提供途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Mapping the chemical complexity of plastics

Author: Moncls, L., Arp, H. P. H., Groh, K. J., Faltynkova, A., Lseth, M. E., Muncke, J., Wang, Z., Wolf, R., Zimmermann, L., Wagner, M.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-09

Abstract: Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing global problem1,2,3,4. Chemicals in plastics are often not sufficiently considered in the overall strategy to prevent and mitigate the impacts of plastics on human health, the environment and circular economy5,6,7. Here we present an inventory of 16,325 known plastic chemicals with a focus on their properties, presence in plastic and hazards. We find that diverse chemical structures serve a small set of functions, including 5,776 additives, 3,498 processing aids, 1,975 starting substances and 1,788 non-intentionally added substances. Using a hazard-based approach, we identify more than 4,200 chemicals of concern, which are persistent, bioaccumulative, mobile or toxic. We also determine 15 priority groups of chemicals, for which more than 40% of their members are of concern. Finally, we examine data gaps regarding the basic properties, hazards, uses and exposure potential of plastic chemicals. Our work maps the chemical landscape of plastics and contributes to setting the baseline for a transition towards safer and more sustainable materials and products. We propose that removing known chemicals of concern, disclosing the chemical composition and simplifying the formulation of plastics can provide pathways towards this goal.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09184-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09184-8