德国莱布尼茨植物遗传与作物研究所Martin Mascher小组的研究开发出了大麦野生亲缘种球芽大麦的单倍型解析泛基因组。这一研究成果发表在2025年7月9日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

在这里，该课题组人员构建了一个由10个阶段基因组序列组成的球茎大麦泛基因组，共32个不同的单倍型。具有抗性基因渗入供体特征的同源四倍体细胞型至少独立起源两次，并且通过基因流相互连接并与二倍体形式连接。转座元件在大麦与球茎大麦分化后的差异扩增导致两者基因组大小分化。该课题组通过将非宿主对病毒病原体的抗性映射到一个结构多样的多基因基因组来阐明它们的抗性的转化价值，该基因组与小麦和大麦的多种免疫反应有关。

研究人员表示，野生植物可以把有价值的基因提供给它们驯化的亲戚。生育障碍和缺乏基因组资源阻碍了作物-野生基因渗入的有效主题。对大麦最近的野生亲缘种——一种原产于地中海盆地和西亚的草本植物Hordeum bulbosum的研究已经进行了几十年，但还没有发现一种携带外来基因的栽培品种。

附：英文原文

Title: A haplotype-resolved pangenome of the barley wild relative Hordeum bulbosum

Author: Feng, Jia-Wu, Pidon, Hlne, Cuacos, Maria, Lux, Thomas, Himmelbach, Axel, Haghi, Reza, Fuchs, Jrg, Haberer, Georg, Kuo, Yi-Tzu, Guo, Yu, Jayakodi, Murukarthick, Toegelov, Helena, Harpke, Drte, Knauft, Manuela, Fiebig, Anne, Maruschewski, Maren, Ronen, Moshe, Sharon, Amir, imkov, Hana, Mayer, Klaus F. X., Spannagl, Manuel, Kumlehn, Jochen, Heckmann, Stefan, Houben, Andreas, Blattner, Frank R., Stein, Nils, Mascher, Martin

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-09

Abstract: Wild plants can contribute valuable genes to their domesticated relatives1. Fertility barriers and a lack of genomic resources have hindered the effective use of crop–wild introgressions. Decades of research into barley’s closest wild relative, Hordeum bulbosum, a grass native to the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, have yet to manifest themselves in the release of a cultivar bearing alien genes2. Here we construct a pangenome of bulbous barley comprising 10 phased genome sequence assemblies amounting to 32 distinct haplotypes. Autotetraploid cytotypes, among which the donors of resistance-conferring introgressions are found, arose at least twice, and are connected among each other and to diploid forms through gene flow. The differential amplification of transposable elements after barley and H.bulbosum diverged from each other is responsible for genome size differences between them. We illustrate the translational value of our resource by mapping non-host resistance to a viral pathogen to a structurally diverse multigene cluster that has been implicated in diverse immune responses in wheat and barley.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09270-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09270-x