近日，中国科学院动物研究所刘光慧及其小组的研究发现系统分析显示甜菜碱作为一种运动模拟对老年人的保护。相关论文于2025年6月25日发表在《细胞》杂志上。

该团队进行了一项综合多组学分析，以比较健康男性急性和长期运动的影响。急性运动诱导短暂性反应，而反复运动引发适应性变化，显著减少细胞衰老和炎症，促进甜菜碱代谢。运动驱动的甜菜碱富集，部分由肾脏生物合成介导，在小鼠中发挥老年保护作用并挽救与年龄相关的健康衰退。甜菜碱结合并抑制TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)，延缓衰老动力学。这些发现系统地阐明了运动的分子益处，并将甜菜碱定位为健康衰老的运动模拟物。

据悉，运动对健康的益处是公认的，但其分子基础仍不完全清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Systematic profiling reveals betaine as an exercise mimetic for geroprotection

Author: Lingling Geng, Jiale Ping, Ruochen Wu, Haoteng Yan, Hui Zhang, Yuan Zhuang, Taixin Ning, Jun Wang, Chuqian Liang, Jiachen Zhang, Qingqing Chu, Jing Zhang, Yifan Wen, Yaobin Jing, Shuhui Sun, Qin Qiao, Qian Zhao, Qianzhao Ji, Shuai Ma, Yusheng Cai, Yandong Zheng, Zhiran Zou, Zhiqing Diao, Mingheng Li, Hao Zhang, Jianli Hu, Liangzheng Fu, Wang Kang, Ruijun Bai, Hongkai Zhao, Sheng Zhang, Yingjie Ding, Jinghui Lei, Wei Wang, Yun Ji, Bo Gou, Guoqiang Sun, Jian Yin, Pengze Yan, Hao Li, Zehua Wang, Shikun Ma, Zunpeng Liu, Hezhen Shan, Qiaoran Wang, Tianling Cao, Shanshan Yang, Cui Wang, Ping Yang, Yanling Fan, Yanxia Ye, Jinghao Hu, Mengmeng Jiang, Ye Wang, Kan Liu, Yujing Li

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-25

Abstract: Exercise has well-established health benefits, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. We conducted an integrated multi-omics analysis to compare the effects of acute vs. long-term exercise in healthy males. Acute exercise induced transient responses, whereas repeated exercise triggered adaptive changes, notably reducing cellular senescence and inflammation and enhancing betaine metabolism. Exercise-driven betaine enrichment, partly mediated by renal biosynthesis, exerts geroprotective effects and rescues age-related health decline in mice. Betaine binds to and inhibits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), retarding the kinetics of aging. These findings systematically elucidate the molecular benefits of exercise and position betaine as an exercise mimetic for healthy aging.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.001

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00635-X