近日，美国加州大学洛杉矶分校黄昱和段镶锋团队提出了可调谐磁插层超晶格的阳离子交换方法。这一研究成果发表在2025年6月25日出版的《自然》杂志上。

在固态材料中定制磁序对于新兴的自旋电子学至关重要。然而，磁性半导体中的替代晶格掺杂通常受到磁性元素溶解度低的限制，限制了最大可实现的掺杂浓度（例如，小于5%）和铁磁有序温度。在层状二维原子晶体（2DAC）中嵌入磁性元素而不破坏平面内共价键提供了一种替代方法，可以在典型的溶解度极限之外引入更高浓度的磁性原子（例如，高达50%）。然而，到目前为止，常用的化学和电化学插层方法在很大程度上仅限于几个孤立的例子。

研究组报告了一种通用的两步插层和阳离子交换策略，以产生具有可调磁序的高度有序磁性插层超晶格（MISL）库。单价过渡金属阳离子Cu⁺和Ag⁺、二价磁性阳离子Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺以及三价稀土阳离子Eu³⁺和Gd³⁺已成功掺入VIB族2DAC，包括MoS₂、MoSe₂、MoTe₂、WS₂、WSe₂和WTe₂，以及IVB族、-VB族、-IIIA族、-IVA族和-VA族2DAC中，包括TiS₂、NbS₂、NbSe₂、TaS₂、In₂Se₃、SnSe₂、Bi₂Se₃和Bi₂Te₃。研究组表明，这些MISL可以用可调浓度的磁平衡剂制备，从而在包括半导体、拓扑绝缘体和超导体在内的各种功能2DAC阵列上实现量身定制的磁有序。这项工作为基础研究和自旋电子学应用建立了一个多功能的材料平台。

附：英文原文

Title: A cation-exchange approach to tunable magnetic intercalation superlattices

Author: Zhou, Jingxuan, Zhou, Jingyuan, Wan, Zhong, Qian, Qi, Ren, Huaying, Yan, Xingxu, Zhou, Boxuan, Zhang, Ao, Pan, Xiaoqing, Fang, Wuzhang, Ping, Yuan, Sofer, Zdenek, Huang, Yu, Duan, Xiangfeng

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-25

Abstract: Tailoring magnetic ordering in solid-state materials is essential for emerging spintronics1,2. However, substitutional lattice doping in magnetic semiconductors is often constrained by the low solubility of magnetic elements3,4,5, limiting the maximum achievable doping concentration (for example, less than 5%) and ferromagnetic ordering temperature6. The intercalation of magnetic elements in layered two-dimensional atomic crystals (2DACs) without breaking in-plane covalent bonds offers an alternative approach to incorporate a much higher concentration of magnetic atoms (for example, up to 50%) beyond the typical solubility limit. However, commonly used chemical and electrochemical intercalation methods are largely confined to a few isolated examples so far. Here we report a general two-step intercalation and cation-exchange strategy to produce a library of highly ordered magnetic intercalation superlattices (MISLs) with tunable magnetic ordering. Monovalent transition-metal cations Cu+ and Ag+, divalent magnetic cations Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+, and trivalent rare-earth cations Eu3+ and Gd3+ have been successfully incorporated into group-VIB 2DACs, including MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2 and WTe2, and group-IVB, -VB, -IIIA, -IVA and -VA 2DACs, including TiS2, NbS2, NbSe2, TaS2, In2Se3, SnSe2, Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3. We show that these MISLs can be prepared with tunable concentrations of magnetic intercalants, enabling tailored magnetic ordering across a diverse array of functional 2DACs, including semiconductors, topological insulators, and superconductors. This work establishes a versatile material platform for both fundamental investigations and spintronics applications.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09147-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09147-z