香港城市大学任广禹团队近日研究了钙钛矿太阳能组件的温控真空淬火及可规模化生产。2025年6月25日出版的《自然—光子学》杂志发表了这项成果。
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）表现出显著提高的性能和稳定性；然而，在扩大电池面积的同时保持高功率转换效率（PCE）和稳定性仍然具有挑战性。此外，钙钛矿成核和生长对加工方法高度敏感，增加了大规模生产的复杂性。为了应对这些挑战，研究组建立了一种温度控制的真空淬火方法，结合原位光致发光光谱法，在监测下制备钙钛矿薄膜。他们系统地研究了常用的淬火成核过程，并揭示了泵送速度、溶剂系统和添加剂对真空淬火过程的影响。
研究组设法通过在真空淬火过程中降低温度来调节钙钛矿成核过程，从而拓宽后处理的时间窗口，以获得高质量的大面积钙钛矿薄膜。结果1.55 eV迷你模块的PCE为22.69%，孔径面积为11.7 cm2（认证孔径面积PCE为21.60%），而相应的PSC在45℃、1太阳光强下连续运行3500小时后保持了其初始效率的93%以上。这种方法可以在刚性、柔性和弯曲的基板上实现高质量、均匀和大面积的钙钛矿薄膜，证明了这种提高可再生PSC技术可扩展性的策略的可行性。
附：英文原文
Title: Temperature-controlled vacuum quenching for perovskite solar modules towards scalable production
Author: Bi, Leyu, Wang, Jiarong, Zeng, Zixin, Ji, Xiaofei, Huang, Xiaofeng, Lin, Francis R., Tsang, Sai-Wing, Fu, Qiang, Jen, Alex K.-Y.
Issue&Volume: 2025-06-25
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit substantially improved performance and stability; however, maintaining high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability while up-scaling cell areas remains challenging. Furthermore, perovskite nucleation and growth are highly sensitive to processing methods, increasing the complexity of large-scale production. To address these challenges, we establish a temperature-controlled vacuum quenching method combined with in situ photoluminescence spectrometry to fabricate perovskite films under monitoring. We systematically study the commonly used quenching nucleation processes and reveal the impact of the pumping speed, solvent system and additives on the vacuum quenching process. We manage to modulate the perovskite nucleation process by lowering the temperature during the vacuum quenching process, thereby broadening the time window for post-processing treatments to obtain high-quality large-area perovskite films. The resultant 1.55eV mini-module achieves a PCE of 22.69% with an aperture area of 11.7cm2 (and a certified aperture-area PCE of 21.60%), whereas the corresponding PSC maintained >93% of its initial efficiency after continuously operating at 45°C for 3,500h under 1sun illumination. This approach enables high-quality, uniform and large-area perovskite films on rigid, flexible and curved substrates, demonstrating the feasibility of our strategy for improving the scalability of renewable PSC technology.
DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01703-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01703-3