美国哥伦比亚大学Timothy Harris团队的一项最新研究发现非人类灵长类动物的大规模高密度全脑神经记录。2025年6月23日出版的《自然—神经科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

在本报告中，该研究团队描述了Neuropixels 1.0 NHP的设计、制造和性能，这是一种高通道电极阵列，旨在实现大型动物大脑的大规模急性记录。该探头具有4416个记录点，分布在45毫米的柄上。实验者可以通过编程选择384个记录通道，通过单个或多个探针同时从神经元的手部进行多区域记录。与现有技术相比，这项技术大大提高了可扩展性和记录的可访问性，并使新类型的实验成为可能，这些实验包括以单个神经元和单峰分辨率对大脑区域进行电生理测绘，测量细胞之间的峰-峰相关性，以及大规模地同时记录全脑范围的记录。

据悉，高密度硅探针通过实现单细胞分辨率的大规模神经记录，改变了神经科学。然而，现有技术在非人类灵长类动物（如猕猴）中提供的功能有限。

附：英文原文

Title: Large-scale high-density brain-wide neural recording in nonhuman primates

Author: Trautmann, Eric M., Hesse, Janis K., Stine, Gabriel M., Xia, Ruobing, Zhu, Shude, OShea, Daniel J., Karsh, Bill, Colonell, Jennifer, Lanfranchi, Frank F., Vyas, Saurabh, Zimnik, Andrew, Amematsro, Elom, Steinemann, Natalie A., Wagenaar, Daniel A., Pachitariu, Marius, Andrei, Alexandru, Lopez, Carolina Mora, OCallaghan, John, Putzeys, Jan, Raducanu, Bogdan C., Welkenhuysen, Marleen, Churchland, Mark, Moore, Tirin, Shadlen, Michael, Shenoy, Krishna, Tsao, Doris, Dutta, Barundeb, Harris, Timothy

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-23

Abstract: High-density silicon probes have transformed neuroscience by enabling large-scale neural recordings at single-cell resolution. However, existing technologies have provided limited functionality in nonhuman primates (NHPs) such as macaques. In the present report, we describe the design, fabrication and performance of Neuropixels 1.0 NHP, a high-channel electrode array designed to enable large-scale acute recording throughout large animal brains. The probe features 4,416 recording sites distributed along a 45-mm shank. Experimenters can programmably select 384 recording channels, enabling simultaneous multi-area recording from thousands of neurons with single or multiple probes. This technology substantially increases scalability and recording access relative to existing technologies and enables new classes of experiments that involve electrophysiological mapping of brain areas at single-neuron and single-spike resolution, measurement of spike–spike correlations between cells and simultaneous brain-wide recordings at scale.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-01976-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-01976-5