美国预测科学公司Jon A. Linker团队研究了太阳日冕的近实时数据同化模型。这一研究成果于2025年6月19日发表在《科学》杂志上。

太阳的日冕是其稀薄的热等离子体外层大气，很难观测到。大多数日冕模型根据光球层（太阳的光学表面）在整个27天的太阳自转周期内测量的磁场推断其磁场，提供了一个时间平稳的近似值。研究组通过吸收可用的光球磁场观测数据，提出了一个随时间不断演变的日冕模型。 

这种方法再现了在时间平稳模型中不会出现的动态特征。研究组使用该模型预测了2024年4月8日日全食期间太阳活动周期最大值附近的日冕结构。在最近同化的光球数据上方的日冕区域，模型预测和日食观测之间有更好的一致性。

附：英文原文

Title: A near-real-time data-assimilative model of the solar corona

Author: Cooper Downs, Jon A. Linker, Ronald M. Caplan, Emily I. Mason, Pete Riley, Ryder Davidson, Andres Reyes, Erika Palmerio, Roberto Lionello, James Turtle, Michal Ben-Nun, Miko M. Stulajter, Viacheslav S. Titov, Tibor Trk, Lisa A. Upton, Raphael Attie, Bibhuti K. Jha, Charles N. Arge, Carl J. Henney, Gherardo Valori, Hanna Strecker, Daniele Calchetti, Dietmar Germerott, Johann Hirzberger, David Orozco Suárez, Julian Blanco Rodríguez, Sami K. Solanki, Xin Cheng, Sizhe Wu

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-19

Abstract: The Sun’s corona is its tenuous outer atmosphere of hot plasma, which is difficult to observe. Most models of the corona extrapolate its magnetic field from that measured on the photosphere (the Sun’s optical surface) over a full 27-day solar rotational period, providing a time-stationary approximation. We present a model of the corona that evolves continuously in time, by assimilating photospheric magnetic field observations as they become available. This approach reproduces dynamical features that do not appear in time-stationary models. We used the model to predict coronal structure during the total solar eclipse of 8 April 2024 near the maximum of the solar activity cycle. There is better agreement between the model predictions and eclipse observations in coronal regions located above recently assimilated photospheric data.

DOI: adq0872

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq0872