中国农业大学郭海龙研究组取得一项新突破。他们揭示了传感器和辅助NLRs的家族间共转移扩展了被子植物之间的免疫受体功能。这一研究成果发表在2025年6月17日出版的国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

该课题组研究人员通过将传感NLR基因与细胞死亡（NRC）型辅助NLR所需的同源NLR基因共同传递，使茄科NLR基因在水稻、大豆和拟南芥中发挥功能。在大豆原生质体和拟南芥中，美国茄Rpi-amr1、Rpi-amr3和辣椒Bs2传感器NLRs如果与NRC辅助NLRs共表达，则会产生同源效应响应。携带辣椒Bs2和NRCs的水稻可以识别保守的效应物AvrBs2，并抵抗一种重要的病原体水稻黄单胞菌。稻瘟病，水稻中没有抗病基因。携带传感器和辅助NLR基因的水稻品系与野生型相似，基础抗性和田间适应性不变。此外，传感器NLRs和辅助NLRs的家族间共转移可以拓宽传感器NLRs的用途，扩展水稻、大豆、芸苔和其他作物病害控制的可用工具。

据介绍，植物核苷酸结合的富含亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）免疫受体识别病原体效应物并激活防御。NLR基因在远亲植物中可能是无功能的（限制性分类功能，RTF）。

附：英文原文

Title: Interfamily co-transfer of sensor and helper NLRs extends immune receptor functionality between angiosperms

Author: Xiaofei Du, Maheen Alam, Kamil Witek, Lesley Milnes, James Houghton, Xiao Lin, Hee-Kyung Ahn, Yu Zhang, Fuhao Cui, Wenxian Sun, Jonathan D.G. Jones, Hailong Guo

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-17

Abstract: Plant nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors recognize pathogen effectors and activate defense. NLR genes can be non-functional in distantly related plants (restricted taxonomic functionality, RTF). Here, we enable Solanaceae NLR gene function in rice, soybean, and Arabidopsis by co-delivering sensor NLR genes with their cognate NLR required for cell death (NRC)-type helper NLRs. In soybean protoplasts and in Arabidopsis plants, Solanum americanum Rpi-amr1, Rpi-amr3, and pepper Bs2 sensor NLRs confer cognate effector responsiveness if co-expressed with NRC helper NLRs. Rice carrying pepper Bs2 and NRCs recognizes the conserved effector, AvrBs2, and resists an important pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, for which no resistance gene is available in rice. Rice lines carrying sensor and helper NLR genes otherwise resemble wild type, with unaltered basal resistance or field fitness. Thus, interfamily co-transfer of sensor and helper NLRs can broaden the utility of sensor NLRs, extending the tools available to control diseases of rice, soybean, Brassica, and other crops.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.05.028

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00578-1