中国科学院化学研究所李永舫团队研究了钙钛矿太阳能电池中自发缺陷钝化的溶剂辅助反应。这一研究成果于2025年6月16日发表在《自然—光子学》杂志上。
钙钛矿太阳能电池在过去十年中发展迅速。为了制备高效的钙钛矿太阳能电池，人们一直致力于通过溶剂、反溶剂和添加剂工程来调节钙钛矿活性层的成核和结晶过程。然而，仍然需要有效的策略来调节钙钛矿成核和晶体生长，并钝化表面和晶界上的原位缺陷。
研究组将1,4-丁磺酸内酯作为第二溶剂引入钙钛矿前驱体溶液中，以调节α-FAPbI3层的成核。1,4-丁磺酸内酯与溶质之间的相互作用降低了成核密度并抑制了二次成核。同时，1,4-丁磺酸内酯在退火过程中的开环转化产生4-氯丁烷-1-磺酸盐和4-碘丁烷-1-磺酸盐，有效钝化了钙钛矿中的表面缺陷。因此，经过处理的n-i-p平面钙钛矿太阳能电池的功率转换效率为26.5%（经认证为26.2%），长期稳定性得到增强。
附：英文原文
Title: Solvent-assisted reaction for spontaneous defect passivation in perovskite solar cells
Author: Wang, Yiyang, Lu, Chenxing, Liu, Minchao, Zhu, Can, Zhang, Jinyuan, Qin, Shucheng, Liu, Zhe, Liu, Meirong, Zhao, Yao, Wang, Fuyi, Li, Xiaojun, Meng, Lei, Li, Yongfang
Issue&Volume: 2025-06-16
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly in the past decade. For fabricating highly efficient perovskite solar cells, efforts have been devoted to modulate the nucleation and crystallization processes of perovskite active layers by solvent, antisolvent and additive engineering. However, there is still a need for effective strategies to regulate perovskite nucleation and crystal growth and passivating in situ defects on the surface and at the grain boundaries. Here we introduce 1,4-butane sultone as the second solvent into the perovskite precursor solution to regulate the nucleation of the α-FAPbI3 layer. The interaction between 1,4-butane sultone and the solute decreases the density of nucleation and inhibits secondary nucleation. At the same time, the ring-opening conversion of 1,4-butane sultone during the annealing process produces 4-chlorobutane-1-sulfonate and 4-iodobutane-1-sulfonate, which effectively passivate the surface defects in the perovskite. As a result, treated n–i–p planar perovskite solar cells attain a power conversion efficiency of 26.5% (certified as 26.2%), with enhanced long-term stability.
DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01704-2
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-025-01704-2