北京大学赵进东团队揭示了硫化物矿物中的非线性倍频上转换使深海含氧光合作用。这一研究成果于2025年5月28日发表在《国家科学评论》上。

深海热液喷口的可见光发射超过了纯热辐射，但其潜在机制仍未得到解释。研究组表明，可见光可以通过热液喷口中丰富的硫化物矿物的非线性倍频转换从地热红外辐射中产生。黄铜矿表现出显著的二次谐波产生，在高压下进一步放大，产生400-700nm的光子通量，比黑体发射大三个数量级。 

当暴露于1064nm的辐射下时，黄铜矿在蓝藻Synechococcus sp.PCC 7002中在656和685nm处诱导荧光反应，表明上转换的532nm光被藻胆体吸收并转移到光系统II。宏基因组分析揭示了蓝藻与高温、富含黄铜矿的喷口之间存在很强的相关性。在其他硫化物矿物中也观察到了类似的上转换过程，发射的波长覆盖了整个可见光谱。这些发现揭示了一种新的矿物介导的光子机制，该机制在热液喷口产生与生物相关的可见光，这可以被地球深层生物圈和可能更远的含氧光合蓝藻利用。

附：英文原文

Title: Nonlinear Frequency Doubling Up-conversion in Sulfide Minerals Enables Deep-sea Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Author: Li, Yan, Zhu, Jiaqi, Li, Qi, Hong, Hao, Li, Tao, Jia, Haoning, Hou, Bingxu, Lu, Houze, Li, Yanzhang, Xie, Jin, Wang, Fuchen, Ye, Huan, Liu, Kaihui, Lu, Anhuai, Zhao, Jindong

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-28

Abstract: Visible light emission exceeding purely thermal radiation has been imaged at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained. Here, we show that visible light can be produced from geothermal infrared radiation via nonlinear frequency-doubling up-conversion in sulfide minerals that are abundant in hydrothermal vents. Chalcopyrite exhibits significant second harmonic generation, which is further amplified under high pressure, yielding a 400–700 nm photon flux three orders of magnitude greater than blackbody emission. When exposure to 1064 nm irradiation, chalcopyrite induces fluorescence responses in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 at 656 and 685 nm, suggesting that the up-converted 532 nm light is absorbed by phycobilisomes and transferred to photosystem II. Metagenomic analysis reveals a strong correlation between cyanobacteria and high-temperature, chalcopyrite-rich vents. Similar up-conversion processes have also been observed in other sulfide minerals, emitting wavelengths covering the entire visible spectrum. These findings unveil a novel mineral-mediated photonic mechanism that generates biologically relevant visible light at hydrothermal vents, which can be harnessed by oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria in Earth's deep biosphere and possibly beyond.

DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf219

Source: https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwaf219/8152274searchresult=1