匈牙利塞格德大学Tibor Török小组揭开“被遗忘的人”的起源和基因组成：喀尔巴阡山盆地萨尔马提亚时期人口的研究。该项研究成果发表在2025年6月10日出版的《细胞》上。
在这项研究中，该课题组人员对1至5世纪匈牙利和喀尔巴阡山麓地区的156个基因组进行了大规模的遗传分析。他们的发现揭示了喀尔巴阡盆地（CB）萨尔马提亚人的少数东亚血统，将他们与其他地区人群区分开来。利用F4统计、qpAdm和血统鉴定（IBD）分析，研究人员发现，CB萨尔马提亚人起源于乌拉尔和哈萨克斯坦地区的草原萨尔马提亚人，罗马尼亚萨尔马提亚人可能是这两个群体之间的遗传桥梁。该研究团队还确定了在萨尔马提亚时代的两次以前未知的移民浪潮，以及萨尔马提亚人口进入匈奴时期的显著连续性，尽管亚洲血统的个体流入较少。这些结果为萨尔马西亚人的迁徙和与罗马帝国相邻的一个关键种群的遗传历史提供了新的线索。
研究人员表示，从公元前3世纪开始，游牧的萨尔马提亚人统治着本蒂克草原，从公元50年开始统治大匈牙利平原，直到公元4世纪匈奴扩张。
附：英文原文
Title: Unveiling the origins and genetic makeup of the “forgotten people”: A study of the Sarmatian-period population in the Carpathian Basin
Author: Oszkár Schütz, Zoltán Maróti, Balázs Tihanyi, Attila P. Kiss, Emil Nyerki, Alexandra Gngu, Petra Kiss, Gergely I.B. Varga, Bence Kovács, Kitti Maár, Bernadett Ny. Kovacsóczy, Nikoletta Lukács, István Major, Antónia Marcsik, Eszter Patyi, Anna Szigeti, Zoltán Tóth, Dorottya Walter, Gábor Wilhelm, Réka Cs. Andrási, Zsolt Bernert, Luca Kis, Liana Oa, Gyrgy Pálfi, Gábor Pintye, Dániel Pópity, Angela Simalcsik, Andrei Dorian Soficaru, Olga Spekker, Sándor Varga, Endre Neparáczki, Tibor Trk
Issue&Volume: 2025-06-10
Abstract: The nomadic Sarmatians dominated the Pontic Steppe from the 3rd century BCE and the Great Hungarian Plain from 50 CE until the Huns’ 4th-century expansion. In this study, we present a large-scale genetic analysis of 156 genomes from 1st- to 5th-century Hungary and the Carpathian foothills. Our findings reveal minor East Asian ancestry in the Carpathian Basin (CB) Sarmatians, distinguishing them from other regional populations. Using F4 statistics, qpAdm, and identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis, we show that CB Sarmatians descended from Steppe Sarmatians originating in the Ural and Kazakhstan regions, with Romanian Sarmatians serving as a possible genetic bridge between the two groups. We also identify two previously unknown migration waves during the Sarmatian era and a notable continuity of the Sarmatian population into the Hunnic period despite a smaller influx of Asian-origin individuals. These results shed new light on Sarmatian migrations and the genetic history of a key population neighboring the Roman Empire.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.05.009
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00559-8