近日，法国巴黎城市大学教授Antoine Drieu及其研究团队发现脑脊液通过小脑膜动-静脉重叠的途径可以实现大分子和液体分流。2025年6月9日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—神经科学》发表了这一成果。

小组在小鼠中发现了另一种途径，即CSF内注射的大分子可以从动脉周围空间穿越到静脉周围空间，转移发生在分散在大脑轻脑膜表面的轻脑膜周围血管（动静脉）空间之间的重叠部位。该课题组人员发现，CSF内注射的荧光示踪剂可以通过这些动脉-静脉-血管周围重叠部分到达静脉周围空间。这些空腔在淀粉样变性的无主题模型中仍然具有功能，并且对于清除多余的脑脊液容量至关重要。这些解剖结构可能通过允许脑源性大分子的引流和多余液体的分流以及帮助对新生成的脑脊液的免疫监视来支持脑功能。

据了解，脑脊液（CSF）的流动对于传递脑源性大分子信号并使其从脑实质排出至关重要。淋巴途径是这种脑脊液流动的最佳特征途径；然而，它不允许较大的大分子的运动。

附：英文原文

Title: A route for cerebrospinal fluid flow through leptomeningeal arterial–venous overlaps enables macromolecule and fluid shunting

Author: Plog, Benjamin A., Kim, Kyungdeok, Verhaege, Daan, Kim, Min Woo, Papadopoulos, Zachary, Dikranian, Krikor, Dykstra, Taitea, Cao, Jay, Perrin, Richard J., Schwetye, Katherine E., Kipnis, Jonathan, Drieu, Antoine

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-09

Abstract: The flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for conveying brain-derived macromolecules for signaling and enabling them to be drained from the brain parenchyma. The glymphatic route is the best-characterized means of this CSF flow; however, it does not permit the movement of larger macromolecules. Here, we identify in mice an alternative route whereby intra-CSF-injected macromolecules can traverse from periarterial to perivenous spaces, with transfer occurring at sites of overlap between leptomeningeal perivascular (arteriovenous) spaces dispersed across the surface of the brain’s leptomeninges. We show that intra-CSF-injected fluorescent tracers can reach the perivenous space by passing through these arteriovenous perivascular overlaps. These spaces remain functional in a mouse model of amyloidosis and are essential for clearing excess CSF volume. These anatomical structures may support brain function by allowing the drainage of brain-derived macromolecules and the shunting of excess fluid and by aiding the immune surveillance of freshly generated CSF.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-025-01977-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-01977-4