四川农业大学黄林小组研究出来自野生二聚体的首尾NLR基因对赋予小麦抗条锈病能力。相关论文于2025年6月9日发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

本文采用基于图谱的克隆和长读测序技术，从野生二粒小麦中分离出两个相邻的核苷酸结合和富亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）受体。通过诱变、基因沉默和遗传转化，研究人员发现TdNLR1和TdNLR2基因都是YrTD121介导的条纹线虫抗性所必需的。TdNLR1编码一个典型NLR （CC-NB-ARC-LRR）蛋白，而TdNLR2编码一个非典型NLR （NB-ARC-LRR）蛋白。这两个基因都缺乏先前与效应感知相关的集成结构域，这代表了植物成对NLR的罕见结构。TdNLR1的螺旋结构域触发植物细胞死亡和自结合。YrTD121在野生小麦中存在，但在所有其他小麦品种中均不存在。他们的工作揭示了配对NLR在赋予疾病抗性和促进抗性育种中的作用。

据介绍，小麦条锈病对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁。从野生近缘种中发现抗病基因，使多基因堆叠能够增强耐久性。

附：英文原文

Title: A head-to-head NLR gene pair from wild emmer confers stripe rust resistance in wheat

Author: Hu, Yanling, Li, Miaomiao, Li, Yuqin, Du, Lilin, Xie, Ruijie, Ni, Fei, Xia, Chongjing, Wang, Ke, Huang, Yanyan, Xu, Binyang, Li, Yinghui, Jiang, Yunfeng, Hao, Ming, Jiang, Bo, Ning, Shunzong, Yuan, Zhongwei, Feng, Lihua, Zhang, Lianquan, Chen, Shisheng, Wu, Bihua, Liu, Zhiyong, Fahima, Tzion, Liu, Dengcai, Huang, Lin

Issue&Volume: 2025-06-09

Abstract: Wheat stripe rust poses a major threat to global food security. Discovery of disease resistance genes from wild relatives enables multigene stacking that could enhance durability. Here we use map-based cloning and long-read sequencing to isolate two adjacent nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors from wild emmer wheat. Using mutagenesis, gene silencing and genetic transformation, we show that the genes TdNLR1 and TdNLR2 oriented head-to-head are both required for YrTD121-mediated stripe rust resistance. TdNLR1 encodes a canonical NLR (CC-NB-ARC-LRR) protein, whereas TdNLR2 encodes an atypical one (NB-ARC-LRR). Both genes lack an integrated domain previously associated with effector perception, representing an uncommon architecture for paired NLRs in plants. The coiled coil domain of TdNLR1 triggers cell death and self-associates in planta. YrTD121 was present in wild emmer but absent in all other Triticum species examined. Our work sheds light on the function of paired NLRs in conferring disease resistance and facilitates breeding for resistance.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02207-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02207-0