中国科学院动物研究所于乐谦研究组取得一项新突破。他们的最新研究揭示了人类卡内基9期胚胎的三维重建提供了早期身体计划形成的快照。2025年5月8日，国际知名学术期刊《细胞—干细胞》发表了这一成果。

利用空间转录组学，小组对一个完整的CS9人胚胎进行了详细的空间分析。通过检查75个横向冷冻切片，课题组数字化重建了一个3D模型，使他们能够识别不同的细胞类型，包括来自大脑和脊柱区域的细胞，原始肠管，不同的体形成阶段，体细胞中胚层，内脏中胚层等。值得注意的是，该课题组研究人员观察到后脑发育的两条不同轨迹，确定了中脑-后脑边界的缺血组织者，描绘了神经中胚层祖细胞（NMP）的双层结构，并描述了主动脉-性腺-中肾（AGM）区域的早期主动脉形成和原始生殖细胞（PGCs）的存在。这项研究为形成人体计划的转录组学和空间复杂性提供了关键见解。

研究人员表示，卡内基9期（CS9）胚胎是一个关键阶段，标志着原肠胚形成的结束和早期器官发生的开始，对主要器官系统的发育至关重要。

附：英文原文

Title: 3D reconstruction of a human Carnegie stage 9 embryo provides a snapshot of early body plan formation

Author: Yang Yuan, Xiaoyan Wang, Xiaodi Yan, Nannan He, Xiaojian Lu, Jingyu Yang, Xinwei Xie, Huiyao Yuan, Naixin Chen, Yinbo Liu, Hongan Ren, Runzhao Zhang, Lina Cui, Pengcheng Ren, Sirui Lin, Shuhan Cheng, Xiaolong Yang, Yifei Guo, Rong Li, Tianyi Yan, Jingtao Guo, Zhenyu Xiao, Yulei Wei, Leqian Yu

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-08

Abstract: The Carnegie stage 9 (CS9) embryo is a pivotal phase signifying the conclusion of gastrulation and the onset of early organogenesis, crucial for initiating major organ system development. Utilizing spatial transcriptomics, we analyzed an intact CS9 human embryo in a spatially detailed manner. Through the examination of 75 transverse cryosections, we digitally reconstructed a 3D model, allowing us to identify diverse cell types, including those from brain and spine regions, the primitive gut tube, distinct somite formation stages, somatic mesoderm, splanchnic mesoderm, etc. Notably, we observed two distinct trajectories of hindbrain development, pinpointed the isthmic organizer at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, delineated the bi-layered structure of neuromesodermal progenitor (NMP) cells, and described the early aorta formation and primordial germ cells (PGCs) presence in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. This study provides key insights into the transcriptomic and spatial intricacies shaping the human body plan.

DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2025.04.007

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/abstract/S1934-5909(25)00142-0