哈尔滨工业大学张乃庆团队近日研究了高性能锌阳极的锌剥离和分子工程。相关论文发表在2025年5月7日出版的《德国应用化学》杂志上。

不稳定的锌阳极是限制可充电锌离子电池循环寿命的关键挑战。目前的研究主要集中在镀锌工艺上，以及为稳定的锌阳极诱导均匀锌沉积的策略。研究组证明了锌剥离过程对随后的锌沉积有更显著的影响，这加剧了副产物、树枝晶和“死锌”的形成。 

他们建议使用天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯（APM）分子来调节锌的剥离，通过增加跨越高能势垒的剥离过电位来实现锌阳极的均匀剥离。同时，其局部疏水官能团有效地抑制了溶剂化水分子引发的副产物。实验结果表明，Zn-APM对称电池具有优异的循环稳定性，在1mA cm^-2下以1mAh cm^-2稳定循环6500小时（>9个月），在70%锌利用率下以10µm锌稳定循环700小时。此外，在8.1 mg cm^-2的负载下，Zn APM || Zn_0.58V₂O₅·H₂O全电池在500次循环后表现出80%的容量保持率。

附：英文原文

Title: Unveiling Zinc Stripping and Molecular Engineering for High-Performance Zinc Anode

Author: Zeping Liu, Guangning Xu, Yu Zhang, Meng Li, Haoran Li, Jiachi Zhang, Jie Hu, Tiesong Lin, Naiqing Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-07

Abstract: The unstable zinc anode is a key challenge limiting the cycle life of rechargeable zinc ion batteries. And current research primarily focuses on the zinc plating process, with strategies to induce uniform zinc deposition for stable zinc anode. Here, we demonstrate that the zinc stripping process has a more significant impact on the subsequent zinc deposition, which exacerbates the formation of by-products, dendrites, and “dead zinc”. Therefore, we propose using aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester (APM) molecules to regulate the zinc stripping, achieving uniform stripping of the zinc anode by increasing the stripping overpotential across high-energy barriers. Simultaneously, its localized hydrophobic functional groups effectively inhibit the byproducts triggered by solvated water molecules. The experimental results show that the Zn-APM symmetric cell exhibits excellent cycling stability, with stable cycling over 6500 h (>9 months) at 1 mA cm-2 for 1 mAh cm-2 and 700 h at 70% zinc utilization with 10 μm zinc. In addition, the Zn-APM||Zn0.58V2O5H2O full cell exhibits 80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at a loading of 8.1 mg cm-2.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202501960

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202501960