澳大利亚科廷大学Ziteng Wang团队近日研究了从明亮的长周期无线电瞬变中探测X射线发射。2025年5月28日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

最近，人们发现了一类长周期射电瞬变（LPT），其发射时间比射电脉冲星长数千倍。这些发现得益于广域无线电调查的进展，对现有的旋转动力脉冲星模型提出了挑战。提出的模型包括高磁化中子星、白矮星脉冲星和具有低质量伴星的白矮星双星系统。尽管一些模型预测了X射线的发射，但尽管进行了广泛的搜索，但在X射线中没有检测到LPT。 

研究组报告了一个极其明亮的LPT（无线电中为10-20Jy）的发现，即ASKAP J1832−0911，具有同步的无线电和X射线发射，两者的周期均为44.2分钟。它的相关和高度可变的X射线和射电光度，再加上其他观测特性，与任何已知的银河系天体都不同。其来源可能是一颗古老的磁星或一颗超磁化白矮星；然而，这两种解释都带来了理论上的挑战。

LPT的X射线探测表明，这些物体的能量比以前想象的要高，并建立了一类小时尺度的周期性X射线瞬变，其光度约为1033 erg s^-1与异常明亮的相干无线电发射有关。

附：英文原文

Title: Detection of X-ray emission from a bright long-period radio transient

Author: Wang, Ziteng, Rea, Nanda, Bao, Tong, Kaplan, David L., Lenc, Emil, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Hare, Jeremy, Zic, Andrew, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Bera, Apurba, Beniamini, Paz, Cooper, A. J., Clarke, Tracy E., Deller, Adam T., Dawson, J. R., Glowacki, Marcin, Hurley-Walker, Natasha, McSweeney, S. J., Polisensky, Emil J., Peters, Wendy M., Younes, George, Bannister, Keith W., Caleb, Manisha, Dage, Kristen C., James, Clancy W., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Karambelkar, Viraj, Lower, Marcus E., Mori, Kaya, Ocker, Stella Koch, Prez-Torres, Miguel, Qiu, Hao, Rose, Kovi, Shannon, Ryan M., Taub, Rhianna, Wang, Fayin, Wang, Yuanming, Zhao, Zhenyin, Bhat, N. D. Ramesh, Dobie, Dougal, Driessen, Laura N., Murphy, Tara, Jaini, Akhil, Deng, Xinping, Jahns-Schindler, Joscha N., Lee, Y. W. Joshua, Pritchard, Joshua, Tuthill, John, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-28

Abstract: Recently, a class of long-period radio transients (LPTs) has been discovered, exhibiting emission thousands of times longer than radio pulsars1,2,3,4,5. These findings, enabled by advances in wide-field radio surveys, challenge existing models of rotationally powered pulsars. Proposed models include highly magnetized neutron stars6, white-dwarf pulsars7 and white-dwarf binary systems with low-mass companions8. Although some models predict X-ray emission6,9, no LPTs have been detected in X-rays despite extensive searches1,2,3,4,5,10. Here we report the discovery of an extremely bright LPT (10–20Jy in radio), ASKAPJ18320911, which has coincident radio and X-ray emission, both with a 44.2-minute period. Its correlated and highly variable X-ray and radio luminosities, combined with other observational properties, are unlike any known Galactic object. The source could be an old magnetar or an ultra-magnetized white dwarf; however, both interpretations present theoretical challenges. This X-ray detection from an LPT reveals that these objects are more energetic than previously thought and establishes a class of hour-scale periodic X-ray transients with a luminosity of about 1033ergs1 linked to exceptionally bright coherent radio emission.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09077-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09077-w