近日，奥利地因斯布鲁克大学Hanns-Christoph Nägerl团队实现了观测量子气体中玻色子的任意化。相关论文于2025年5月28日发表在《自然》杂志上。

任意子是服从分数统计的低维准粒子，因此在玻色子和费米子之间进行插值。在二维空间中，它们作为分数量子霍尔态的基本激发存在，被认为能够实现拓扑量子计算。一维任意子已经在理论上提出，但其实验实现已被证明是困难的。

研究组观察到一维强相互作用量子气体中出现的任意子关联，这是由自旋-电荷分离现象引起的。移动杂质提供了必要的自旋自由度来设计电荷扇区中的任意电子关联，同时充当探针来揭示这些关联。从玻色子开始，他们调整统计相位，将玻色子通过任意子转化为费米子，并观察到非对称动量分布，这是任意子关联的标志。超越平衡条件，研究组观察到任意子的动态费米电离。这项研究为在高度可控的环境中探索非平衡任意子现象打开了大门。 

附：英文原文

Title: Observing anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas

Author: Dhar, Sudipta, Wang, Botao, Horvath, Milena, Vashisht, Amit, Zeng, Yi, Zvonarev, Mikhail B., Goldman, Nathan, Guo, Yanliang, Landini, Manuele, Ngerl, Hanns-Christoph

Issue&Volume: 2025-05-28

Abstract: Anyons1,2 are low-dimensional quasiparticles that obey fractional statistics, hence interpolating between bosons and fermions. In two dimensions, they exist as elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall states3,4,5 and are believed to enable topological quantum computing6,7. One-dimensional anyons have been theoretically proposed, but their experimental realization has proven to be difficult. Here we observed emergent anyonic correlations in a one-dimensional strongly interacting quantum gas, resulting from the phenomenon of spin–charge separation8,9,10. A mobile impurity provides the necessary spin degree of freedom to engineer anyonic correlations in the charge sector and simultaneously acts as a probe to reveal these correlations. Starting with bosons, we tune the statistical phase to transmute bosons through anyons to fermions and observe an asymmetric momentum distribution11,12,13,14, a hallmark of anyonic correlations. Going beyond equilibrium conditions, we observed dynamical fermionization of the anyons15. This study opens the door to the exploration of non-equilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting15,16,17.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09016-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09016-9