吉林大学郭静团队近日研究了正交偏振激光脉冲对Ar原子干涉结构的影响。2025年5月15日，《物理评论A》杂志发表了这一成果。

隧道电离是强场物理中的基本物理过程之一。隧道电离中的光电子全息干涉已成为强场物理学的研究热点之一。研究组利用量子轨迹蒙特卡罗（QTMC）模型研究了正交偏振激光脉冲中Ar原子的干涉结构。结果表明，在Δt=0时，Ar原子的光电子动量分布（PMDs）存在“内蜘蛛”全息干涉结构和阈值以上电离（ATI）环干涉结构。

然而，随着时间延迟的增加，干涉结构逐渐扭曲，直至被完全破坏。研究组发现，只有当时间延迟为三个或更少的光周期时，PMDs中心的干涉结构才能被清晰地识别出来，这表明干涉结构的稳定性和可观测性与所选择的时间延迟的周期数密切相关。通过跟踪电离电子的轨迹，研究组发现电离电子轨迹最终位置的象限与该时间窗的PMD象限是一致的。此外，通过分析电离电子的发射角，该课题组研究人员发现忽略库仑势时，内部蜘蛛结构消失，这是由于库仑聚光效应造成的。

附：英文原文

Title: Interference structures of an Ar atom by orthogonally polarized laser pulses

Author: Ying Guo, Shu-Juan Yan, Cong-Cong Cheng, Xin-Yu Hao, Aihua Liu, Jing Guo

Issue&Volume: 2025/05/15

Abstract: Tunneling ionization is one of the basic physical processes in strong-field physics. Photoelectron holographic (PH) interference in tunneling ionization has become one of the research hotspots in strong-field physics. We investigate the interference structure of an Ar atom in orthogonally polarized laser pulses by the quantum-trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) model. The results show the “inner spider” holographic interference structure and above-threshold ionization (ATI) ring interference structure in photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of the Ar atom at Δt=0. However, as the time delay increases, the interference structure gradually becomes distorted until it is completely destroyed. We find that the interference structure at the PMDs center can only be identified clearly when the time delay has three or fewer optical periods, which indicates that the stability and observability of the interference structure are closely related to the number of periods of the selected time delay. By tracing the trajectories of ionized electrons, we find that the quadrant of the final position of the ionized electron trajectory is consistent with the quadrant of the PMDs for this time window. Furthermore, we find that the inner spider structure disappears when the Coulomb potential is ignored, which is due to the Coulomb focusing effect by analyzing the emission angle of the ionized electrons.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.053111

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.053111