来自139个族群的1537个个体的基因组测序揭示了北亚和南美未被充分研究的人群的遗传特征。他们的分析表明，以凯茨人和涅涅茨人为代表的西西伯利亚祖先，对大多数西伯利亚人口的遗传祖先做出了贡献。西白令陆桥人，包括科里亚克人、因纽特人和卢拉维特兰人，表现出对北极气候的遗传适应，包括与医学相关的变异。在南美洲，早期的移民大约在13900年前分成了亚马逊人、安第斯人、查科美洲印第安人和巴塔哥尼亚人。他们最长的迁徙导致了人口的减少，而在南美洲多样化环境中的定居导致了即时的空间隔离，减少了遗传和免疫原性的多样性。这些发现强调了种群历史和环境压力如何塑造了北亚和南美人类种群的遗传结构。
附：英文原文
Title: From North Asia to South America: Tracing the longest human migration through genomic sequencing
Author: Elena S. Gusareva, Amit Gourav Ghosh, Vladimir N. Kharkov, Seik-Soon Khor, Aleksei Zarubin, Nikita Moshkov, Namrata Kalsi, Aakrosh Ratan, Cassie E. Heinle, Niall Cooke, Claudio M. Bravi, Marina V. Smolnikova, Sergey Yu. Tereshchenko, Eduard W. Kasparov, Irina Khitrinskaya, Andrey Marusin, Magomed O. Razhabov, Maria V. Golubenko, Maria Swarovskaya, Nikita A. Kolesnikov, Ksenia V. Vagaitseva, Elena R. Eremina, Aitalina Sukhomyasova, Olga Shtygasheva, Deepa Panicker, Poh Nee Ang, Choou Fook Lee, Yanqing Koh, See Ting Leong, Changsook Park, Sachin R. Lohar, Zhei Hwee Yap, Soo Guek Ng, Justine Dacanay, Daniela I. Drautz-Moses, Nurul Adilah Binte Ramli, Katsushi Tokunaga, Ian McGonigle, Inaho Danjoh, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Atsushi Tajima, Hideyuki Tanabe, Yukio Nakamura, Shigeki Nakagome, Tatiana V. Tatarinova, Vadim A. Stepanov, Stephan C. Schuster, Hie Lim Kim
Issue&Volume: 2025-05-15
Abstract: Genome sequencing of 1537 individuals from 139 ethnic groups reveals the genetic characteristics of understudied populations in North Asia and South America. Our analysis demonstrates that West Siberian ancestry, represented by the Kets and Nenets, contributed to the genetic ancestry of most Siberian populations. West Beringians, including the Koryaks, Inuit, and Luoravetlans, exhibit genetic adaptation to Arctic climate, including medically relevant variants. In South America, early migrants split into four groups—Amazonians, Andeans, Chaco Amerindians, and Patagonians—~13,900 years ago. Their longest migration led to population decline, whereas settlement in South America’s diverse environments caused instant spatial isolation, reducing genetic and immunogenic diversity. These findings highlight how population history and environmental pressures shaped the genetic architecture of human populations across North Asia and South America.
DOI: adk5081
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk5081