北京大学邓兴旺小组的研究开发出了端粒到端粒基因组组装与多组学数据相结合，为六倍体面包小麦的进化提供了见解。这一研究成果发表在2025年4月7日出版的国际学术期刊《自然—遗传学》上。

在这里，该团队提出了CS-IAAS，一个全面的端粒到端粒（T2T）无间隙的小麦基因组，包含145.1亿个碱基对，包括所有21个着丝粒和42个端粒。注释显示90.8Mb附加的着丝体卫星阵列和5611个rDNA单元。在四倍体化和六倍体化过程中，对小麦的全基因组重排、着丝点元件、转座元件扩展和片段复制进行了解码，为小麦亚基因组的进化提供了全面的认识。其中，转座元件在六倍化过程中的插入极大地影响了基因表达平衡，增加了转录水平的基因组可塑性。

此外，该课题组人员生成了163329个全长cDNA序列和蛋白质组学数据，帮助注释了141035个高置信度的蛋白质编码基因。完整的T2T参考基因组（CS-IAAS）及其转录组和蛋白质组是他们了解小麦基因组复杂性的重要一步，并为未来的小麦研究和育种提供了见解。

据悉，庞大而复杂的植物基因组的完整组装，如六倍体小麦基因组，仍然具有挑战性。

附：英文原文

Title: A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly coupled with multi-omic data provides insights into the evolution of hexaploid bread wheat

Author: Liu, Shoucheng, Li, Kui, Dai, Xiuru, Qin, Guochen, Lu, Dongdong, Gao, Zhaoxu, Li, Xiaopeng, Song, Bolong, Bian, Jianxin, Ren, Da, Liu, Yongqi, Chen, Xiaofeng, Xu, Yunbi, Liu, Weimin, Yang, Chen, Liu, Xiaoqin, Chen, Shisheng, Li, Jian, Li, Bosheng, He, Hang, Deng, Xing Wang

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-07

Abstract: The complete assembly of vast and complex plant genomes, like the hexaploid wheat genome, remains challenging. Here we present CS-IAAS, a comprehensive telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free Triticum aestivum L. genome, encompassing 14.51 billion base pairs and featuring all 21 centromeres and 42 telomeres. Annotation revealed 90.8Mb additional centromeric satellite arrays and 5,611 rDNA units. Genome-wide rearrangements, centromeric elements, transposable element expansion and segmental duplications were deciphered during tetraploidization and hexaploidization, providing a comprehensive understanding of wheat subgenome evolution. Among them, transposable element insertions during hexaploidization greatly influenced gene expression balances, thus increasing the genome plasticity of transcriptional levels. Additionally, we generated 163,329 full-length cDNA sequences and proteomic data that helped annotate 141,035 high-confidence protein-coding genes. The complete T2T reference genome (CS-IAAS), along with its transcriptome and proteome, represents a significant step in our understanding of wheat genome complexity and provides insights for future wheat research and breeding.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02137-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02137-x