陕西科技大学张晓斐团队研究了具有软核相互作用的SU（3）自旋轨道耦合玻色气体的稳态。2025年4月2日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究组考虑了SU（3）自旋轨道耦合玻色气体，其非局域软核相互作用被限制在谐波捕获势中。SU（3）自旋轨道耦合的存在导致了单粒子光谱的三个最小值。在没有自旋交换相互作用的情况下，该结果表明，无论软核相互作用的符号如何，基态在动量空间中占据一个最小值，对应于三重简并磁化相。

对于铁磁凝聚体，基态表现为调幅平面波态，其调制幅度和频率分别与软核相互作用和SU（3）自旋轨道耦合的强度有关。特别是，由于软核相互作用和SU（3）自旋轨道耦合的微妙平衡，在反铁磁凝聚体的晶格相中可以形成稳定的高阶自旋涡旋晶格，其中每个组分和整个系统的密度分布分别显示出具有三重和六重对称性的空间构型。研究组还给出了一个实验方案，在当前的实验能力范围内观察这些状态。

附：英文原文

Title: Stationary states of a trapped SU(3) spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas with soft-core interaction

Author: Jia Liu, Jing Feng, Si-Lin Chen, Lin Wen, Wei Han, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Xue-Ying Yang

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/02

Abstract: We consider a SU(3) spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions confined in a harmonic trapping potential. The presence of SU(3) spin-orbit coupling induces three minima of the single-particle spectrum. In the absence of spin-exchange interaction, our results show that regardless of the sign of the soft-core interaction, the ground state occupies one single minimum in the momentum space and corresponds to a threefold-degenerate magnetized phase. For the ferromagnetic condensate, the ground state shows an amplitude-modulated plane-wave state, where its modulated amplitude and frequency are related to the strength of the soft-core interaction and SU(3) spin-orbit coupling, respectively. In particular, due to the subtle balance of the soft-core interaction and SU(3) spin-orbit coupling, a stable higher-order spin vortex lattice can be formed in the lattice phase of an antiferromagnetic condensate, where the density distributions of each component and the total system show spatial configurations with threefold and sixfold symmetries, respectively. We also give an experimental protocol to observe such states within current experimental capacity.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043302

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.043302