德国莱布尼茨天然产物研究和感染生物学研究所Pierre Stallforth研究小组提出了化学雷达使细菌能够探测并杀死捕食者。该项研究成果发表在2025年4月2日出版的《细胞》上。

课题组展示了无处不在的细菌丁香假单胞菌如何检测和杀死社会变形虫苍白多孢子虫。结合比较基因组学、分子生物学和化学分析，研究组确定了一个化学雷达系统。该系统依赖于P. syringae分泌的脂肽syringafactin，该脂肽被变形虫去酰化。产生的肽通过细菌传感器蛋白化学雷达调节器（CraR）感应，该调节器激活基因，将捕食者衍生的信号转化为阿米巴杀菌剂焦因子。该系统在丁香假单胞菌中广泛存在，并使细菌在阿米巴存在的情况下感染拟南芽胞菌。他们的研究促进了对微生物传感的理解，并为发现天然产物开辟了新的途径。

据了解，变形虫的捕食对细菌施加了强大的进化选择压力，它们推动了有效的捕食者防御策略的发展。然而，人们对细菌和捕食者之间的分子相互作用知之甚少，特别是细菌如何感知和杀死它们的微生物捕食者。

附：英文原文

Title: A chemical radar allows bacteria to detect and kill predators

Author: Shuaibing Zhang, Kevin Schlabach, Victor Hugo Pérez Carrillo, Anan Ibrahim, Shahran Nayem, Anna Komor, Ruchira Mukherji, Somak Chowdhury, Lisa Reimer, Felix Trottmann, A. Corina Vlot, Christian Hertweck, Ute A. Hellmich, Pierre Stallforth

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-02

Abstract: Amoebal predation exerts a strong evolutionary selection pressure on bacteria, thus driving the development of effective predator-defense strategies. However, little is known about the molecular interplay between bacteria and predators, particularly how bacteria can sense and kill their microbial predators. We show how the ubiquitous bacterium Pseudomonas syringae detects and kills the social amoeba Polysphondylium pallidum. Combining comparative genomics, molecular biology, and chemical analyses, we identified a chemical radar system. The system relies on P. syringae secreting the lipopeptide syringafactin, which is deacylated by the amoeba. The resulting peptides are sensed via the bacterial sensor protein chemical radar regulator (CraR) that activates genes for converting the predator-derived signal into the amoebicide pyrofactin. This system is widespread in P. syringae and enables bacteria to infect A. thaliana in the presence of amoebae. Our study advances the understanding of microbial sensing and opens new avenues for the discovery of natural products.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.033

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00269-7