近日，美国橡树岭国家实验室Warren Grice团队通过Lindblad主方程模拟了量子经典界面。该项研究成果发表在2025年4月29日出版的《物理评论A》杂志上。

在混合量子系统中，量子域和经典域之间的界面对于量子态的产生、控制和测量至关重要。量子经典接口（QCI）在光调制器、量子传感器和信号处理器等设备中无处不在，经典信号会影响量子动力学。

研究组采用Lindblad主方程来模拟与经典控制系统相互作用的量子系统的演化。该模型通过结合一阶和二阶磁化率来捕捉线性和非线性相互作用，并量化了外部施加的控制参数对退相干和状态演化的影响。 

作为一个说明性的例子，研究组分析了一个光调制器，并演示了材料响应和驱动条件的变化如何影响光子统计、相干性和相空间分布。这些发现为理解和优化QCI提供了一个全面的模型，对下一代量子器件的性能、设计和鲁棒性具有广泛的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Simulating quantum-classical interfaces via the Lindblad master equation

Author: Ali Passian, Joel Dawson, Stacy Prowell, Warren Grice

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/29

Abstract: In hybrid quantum systems, the interface between quantum and classical domains is essential for the generation, control, and measurement of quantum states. Quantum-classical interfaces (QCIs) are ubiquitous in devices such as optical modulators, quantum sensors, and signal processors, where classical signals influence quantum dynamics. In this paper, we employ the Lindblad master equation to simulate the evolution of a quantum system interacting with a classical control system. Our model captures both linear and nonlinear interactions by incorporating first- and second-order susceptibilities, and it quantifies the influence of externally applied control parameters on decoherence and state evolution. As an illustrative example, we analyze an optical modulator and demonstrate how variations in material response and drive conditions affect photon statistics, coherence, and phase-space distributions. The findings offer a path to an all-encompassing model for understanding and optimizing QCIs, with wide-ranging implications for the performance, design, and robustness of next-generation quantum devices.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042626

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042626