近日，河南农业大学教授殷冬梅及其研究团队探明了全基因组分析揭示了花生种子大小和重量性状的结构变异。相关论文于2025年4月28日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

本文利用8个高质量基因组（2个二倍体野生花生、2个四倍体野生花生及其四倍体栽培花生）和269个不同种子大小的材料的重测序数据进行了全面的全基因组分析。共鉴定出核心或软核心基因家族22222个，分布基因家族22232个，私有基因家族5643个。SV在亚基因组A中的频率高于在亚基因组B中的频率。研究团队鉴定出1335种与驯化相关的SVs和190种与种子大小或重量相关的SVs。值得注意的是，AhARF2-2基因缺失275 bp，导致与AhIAA13和TOPLESS的相互作用丧失，降低了对AhGRF5的抑制作用，促进了种子膨胀。这种高质量的泛基因组是花生和其他豆类作物基因增强的基础。

据介绍，花生（arachhis hypogaea L.）是一种重要的油料和食用豆科作物，种子大小和重量是驯化和育种的关键性状。然而，种子大小和重量背后的结构变异（SVs）等基因组重排仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Pangenome analysis reveals structural variation associated with seed size and weight traits in peanut

Author: Zhao, Kunkun, Xue, Hongzhang, Li, Guowei, Chitikineni, Annapurna, Fan, Yi, Cao, Zenghui, Dong, Xiaorui, Lu, Huimin, Zhao, Kai, Zhang, Lin, Qiu, Ding, Ren, Rui, Gong, Fangping, Li, Zhongfeng, Ma, Xingli, Wan, Shubo, Varshney, Rajeev K., Wei, Chaochun, Yin, Dongmei

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-28

Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and food legume crop, with seed size and weight being critical traits for domestication and breeding. However, genomic rearrangements like structural variations (SVs) underlying seed size and weight remain unclear. Here we present a comprehensive pangenome analysis utilizing eight high-quality genomes (two diploid wild, two tetraploid wild and four tetraploid cultivated peanuts) and resequencing data of 269 accessions with diverse seed sizes. We identified 22,222 core or soft-core, 22,232 distributed and 5,643 private gene families. The frequency of SVs in subgenome A is higher than in subgenome B. We identified 1,335 domestication-related SVs and 190 SVs associated with seed size or weight. Notably, a 275-bp deletion in gene AhARF2-2 results in loss of interaction with AhIAA13 and TOPLESS, reducing the inhibitory effect on AhGRF5 and promoting seed expansion. This high-quality pangenome serves as a fundamental resource for the genetic enhancement of peanuts and other legume crops.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02170-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02170-w