沙特阿拉伯阿卜杜拉国王科技大学Rod A. Wing研究团队取得一项新突破。他们的研究开发出了水稻基因组通过四倍体透镜进化。2025年4月28日出版的《自然—遗传学》杂志发表了这项成果。

在此，课题组人员在大约1500万年的进化背景下展示了11个染色体水平的组合（9个四倍体，2个二倍体），并表明核心水稻（亚）基因组只有~200其余核组分（~ 80-600 Mb）是混合的、塑性的和快速演化的。对于盐生植物Oryza coarctata，课题组人员发现尽管在亚基因组中检测到基因分离，但同源基因在一个亚基因组中以镶嵌形式表达的水平高于另一个亚基因组，证明了亚基因组的等效性。将这11个新的参考基因组与先前发表的基因组数据集整合在一起，提供了一个几乎完整的关于进化对基因组多样性影响的观点。

据悉，水稻是一个由27个物种和11个基因组类型组成的重要基因群，基因组大小变异约3.4倍，具有几乎未开发的基因库，可以用于作物改良和新驯化。

附：英文原文

Title: Oryza genome evolution through a tetraploid lens

Author: Fornasiero, Alice, Feng, Tao, Al-Bader, Noor, Alsantely, Aseel, Mussurova, Saule, Hoang, Nam V., Misra, Gopal, Zhou, Yong, Fabbian, Leonardo, Mohammed, Nahed, Rivera Serna, Luis, Thimma, Manjula, Llaca, Victor, Parakkal, Praveena, Kudrna, David, Copetti, Dario, Rajasekar, Shanmugam, Lee, Seunghee, Talag, Jayson, Sobel-Sorenson, Chandler, Carpentier, Marie-Christine, Panaud, Olivier, McNally, Kenneth L., Zhang, Jianwei, Zuccolo, Andrea, Schranz, M. Eric, Wing, Rod A.

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-28

Abstract: Oryza is a remarkable genus comprising 27 species and 11 genome types, with ~3.4-fold genome size variation, that possesses a virtually untapped reservoir of genes that can be used for crop improvement and neodomestication. Here we present 11 chromosome-level assemblies (nine tetraploid, two diploid) in the context of ~15 million years of evolution and show that the core Oryza (sub)genome is only ~200Mb and largely syntenic, whereas the remaining nuclear fractions (~80–600Mb) are intermingled, plastic and rapidly evolving. For the halophyte Oryza coarctata, we found that despite detection of gene fractionation in the subgenomes, homoeologous genes were expressed at higher levels in one subgenome over the other in a mosaic form, demonstrating subgenome equivalence. The integration of these 11 new reference genomes with previously published genome datasets provides a nearly complete view of the consequences of evolution for genome diversification across the genus.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02183-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02183-5