Swapan Mallick研究团队揭示，布匿人基因多样，几乎没有黎凡特祖先。相关论文发表在2025年4月23日出版的《自然》杂志上。

课题组人员生成了210个人的全基因组数据，其中包括来自黎凡特、北非、伊比利亚、西西里岛、撒丁岛和伊比沙岛的14个传统上被认为是腓尼基人和布尼基人的地点的196个，以及来自阿尔及利亚的一个早期铁器时代的个体。公元前6世纪至公元前2世纪，黎凡特腓尼基人对地中海中部和西部的布尼基人定居点几乎没有遗传贡献，尽管有大量的考古证据表明他们在文化、历史、语言和宗教方面存在联系。相反，这些黎凡特腓尼基文化的继承者从与西西里岛和爱琴海相似的基因图谱中获得了大部分祖先。剩下的祖先大多来自北非，这反映了迦太基日益增长的影响力。

然而，在所有的采样地点，包括迦太基本身，这是一个少数贡献的祖先。地中海中部和西部不同的布匿遗址显示出相似的高遗传多样性模式。该团队还发现了地中海地区的遗传关系，反映了共同的人口统计过程，这些过程塑造了布匿世界。

研究人员表示，来自黎凡特的海上腓尼基文明在公元前的第一个千年改变了整个地中海。然而，由于缺乏全面的古代DNA研究，黎凡特腓尼基人的家园和腓尼基-布匿人在地中海中部和西部的定居点之间的人类活动程度一直不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no Levantine ancestors

Author: Ringbauer, Harald, Salman-Minkov, Ayelet, Regev, Dalit, Olalde, Iigo, Peled, Tomer, Sineo, Luca, Falsone, Gioacchino, van Dommelen, Peter, Mittnik, Alissa, Lazaridis, Iosif, Pettener, Davide, Bofill, Maria, Mezquida, Ana, Costa, Benjam, Jimnez, Helena, Smith, Patricia, Vai, Stefania, Modi, Alessandra, Shaus, Arie, Callan, Kim, Curtis, Elizabeth, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Mah, Matthew, Micco, Adam, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Qiu, Lijun, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J. Noah, Mrquez-Grant, Nicholas, Sez Romero, Antonio M., Lavado Florido, Mara Luisa, Jimnez-Arenas, Juan Manuel, Toro Moyano, Isidro Jorge, Viguera, Enrique, Padilla, Jos Surez, Chamizo, Sonia Lpez, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Lizano, Esther, Riaza, Alicia Rodero, Olivieri, Francesca, Toti, Pamela, Giuliana, Valentina, Barash, Alon, Carmel, Liran, Boaretto, Elisabetta, Faerman, Marina, Lucci, Michaela, La Pastina, Francesco, Nava, Alessia, Genchi, Francesco, Del Vais, Carla, Lauria, Gabriele, Meli, Francesca, Sconzo, Paola, Catalano, Giulio, Cilli, Elisabetta, Fariselli, Anna Chiara, Fontani, Francesco, Luiselli, Donata, Culleton, Brendan J., Mallick, Swapan

Issue&Volume: 2025-04-23

Abstract: The maritime Phoenician civilization from the Levant transformed the entire Mediterranean during the first millennium BCE1,2,3. However, the extent of human movement between the Levantine Phoenician homeland and Phoenician–Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean has been unclear in the absence of comprehensive ancient DNA studies. Here, we generated genome-wide data for 210 individuals, including 196 from 14 sites traditionally identified as Phoenician and Punic in the Levant, North Africa, Iberia, Sicily, Sardinia and Ibiza, and an early Iron Age individual from Algeria. Levantine Phoenicians made little genetic contribution to Punic settlements in the central and western Mediterranean between the sixth and second centuries BCE, despite abundant archaeological evidence of cultural, historical, linguistic and religious links4. Instead, these inheritors of Levantine Phoenician culture derived most of their ancestry from a genetic profile similar to that of Sicily and the Aegean. Much of the remaining ancestry originated from North Africa, reflecting the growing influence of Carthage5. However, this was a minority contributor of ancestry in all of the sampled sites, including in Carthage itself. Different Punic sites across the central and western Mediterranean show similar patterns of high genetic diversity. We also detect genetic relationships across the Mediterranean, reflecting shared demographic processes that shaped the Punic world.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08913-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08913-3