北京理工大学黄佳琦研究团队近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们开发出稳定锂金属电池羧酸盐电解质中α-H的去除。这一研究成果于2025年3月31日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《德国应用化学》上。

本文揭示了羧酸α-H原子与Li金属之间严重的寄生反应是导致羧酸基LMBs无效的罪魁祸首。通过用氟原子和甲基取代α-H原子，课题组研究人员成功地构建了惰性羧酸盐，并发现离子/分子在双电层（EDL）中的分布可以在分子水平上进行控制。在惰性羧酸基电解质的EDL中，独特的结构保证了更多的阴离子靠近锂表面，沉积的锂的形态得到显著调节，化学腐蚀得到有效抑制。在常规盐浓度和少量添加剂的情况下，羧酸盐基LMBs的寿命显著延长。更一般地说，缺乏α-H原子的主题羧酸盐提供了一种现实的方法来增加可以在LMBs电解质中主题化的溶剂的种类。

研究人员表示，尽管羧酸酯极大地改善了北极探险中使用的石墨基锂离子电池的寒冷天气性能，但羧酸酯与锂（Li）阳极之间不相容的潜在问题尚未得到充分解释，这导致了锂金属电池（LMBs）中羧酸酯的使用受到很大限制。

附：英文原文

Title: Removing α-H in Carboxylate-based Electrolytes for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

Author: Yi Yang, Le-Geng Yu, Yu-Xin Huang, Xiao-Qing Ding, Zhou-Qing Xue, Zeheng Li, Yu-Xing Yao, Shuo Zhang, Lei Xu, Xue-Fei Wen, Jian Pei, Chong Yan, Jia-Qi Huang

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-31

Abstract: Although carboxylate esters greatly improve the cold weather performance of graphite-based lithium-ion batteries utilized in arctic expeditions, the underlying cause of the incompatibility between carboxylates and lithium (Li) anodes has not been sufficiently explained, resulting in the greatly restricted usage of carboxylate in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we reveal the serious parasitic reactions between carboxylate α-H atoms and Li metal are the culprits that render carboxylate-based ineffectiveness for LMBs. By replacing all α-H atoms with fluorine atoms and methyl groups, we successfully construct inert carboxylates and find the ions/molecules distribution in electric-double-layer (EDL) can be manipulated at a molecular-level. The unique structure ensuring more anions are positioned closer to the Li surface in the EDL of the inert carboxylate-based electrolyte, the morphology of the deposited Li is significantly regulated and the chemical corrosion gets effectively inhibited. As a consequence of remarkable extending lifespan of carboxylate-based LMBs with routine salt concentration and few additives. More generally, using carboxylates lacking α-H atoms offers a realistic approach to increase the variety of solvents that can be used in LMBs electrolytes.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202503616

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202503616