近日，中国科学技术大学Sixia Yu团队研究了用扰动来证明量子随机性。2025年4月17日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

当且仅当量子测量破坏相干性并扰乱测量状态（以及随后的不兼容测量）时，量子测量才会产生真正的量子随机性。研究组建立了生成的随机性与其干扰效应之间的定量关系，并提供了一种与源无关的随机性验证协议。该协议采用了一些假设：（I）源和测量设备之间的独立性，以及（II）测量设备的Lüders规则。

在不涉及重型数学机器的情况下，可以利用干扰效应直接估计产生的量子随机性。除了前面提到的关于测量的基本假设外，研究组还可以通过整合额外的测量信息来进一步优化该估计。该协议显示出高效率，并且比基于不确定性关系的现有协议产生更高的随机性生成率[G.Vallone等人，Phys.Rev.a 90052327（2014）]。

附：英文原文

Title: Certifying quantum randomness with disturbance

Author: Liang-Liang Sun, Xingjian Zhang, Xiang Zhou, Zheng-Da Li, Xiongfeng Ma, Jing-Yun Fan, Sixia Yu

Issue&Volume: 2025/04/17

Abstract: A quantum measurement generates genuine quantum randomness if and only if it breaks coherence and disturbs the measured state (and a following incompatible measurement). Here, we establish a quantitative relation between the generated randomness and its disturbance effect and provide a source-independent randomness verification protocol. Our protocol employs a few assumptions: (I) independence between the source and the measurement devices and (II) the Lüders' rule for measurement devices. Without involving heavy mathematical machinery, the generated quantum randomness can be directly estimated with the disturbance effect. In addition to the previously mentioned basic assumptions about measurements, we can improve our estimation by integrating additional measurement information for further optimization. Our protocol shows a high efficiency and yields a higher randomness generation rate than the existing one based on the uncertainty relation [G. Vallone et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 052327 (2014)].

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042210

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.042210