中国科学技术大学占成团队发现优化干细胞输注时间预防急性移植物抗宿主病。2025年3月31日，国际知名学术期刊《细胞》发表了这一成果。

课题组人员在患者和小鼠模型中表明，干细胞炎症的昼夜节律时间决定了aGVHD的发展。早期炎症患者aGVHD的发病率和严重程度明显降低，生存率也有所提高。课题组观察到细胞因子水平的时间变化，特别是IL-1α，它控制移植后供体T细胞的反应。患者IL-1α水平与aGVHD的发展密切相关。

此外，临床前结果显示，给予IL-1α中和抗体可显着减轻aGVHD并提高生存率。他们的研究表明，在一天的早些时候安排干细胞感染可能是一种简单但具有变革性的预防aGVHD的干预措施。

据介绍，同种异体造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）是广泛的恶性和非恶性血液疾病的基石治疗。然而，同种异体造血干细胞移植的成功常常被急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）（一种危及生命的并发症）所掩盖。

附：英文原文

Title: Optimizing stem cell infusion timing in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease

Author: Yiwen Hou, Yue Wu, Yang Cao, Xiaoxia Hu, Yuqian Sun, Hongmei Wang, Liang Wang, Jialin Zhou, Zhonglin Zhang, Zhiwei Liu, Baolin Tang, Kaidi Song, Guangyu Sun, Wen Gao, Tianqi Zheng, Ping Wu, Weiwei Wu, Dapeng Ju, Xiaoyu Zhu, Cheng Zhan

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-31

Abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a cornerstone treatment for a broad spectrum of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. However, the success of allo-HSCT is often overshadowed by acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), a life-threatening complication. Here, we show in patients and murine models that the circadian timing of stem cell infusion dictates the development of aGVHD. Early-infused patients exhibit a significantly lower incidence and severity of aGVHD, as well as improved survival. We observed time-of-day variations in the levels of cytokines, especially IL-1α, which controls donor T cell responses after transplantation. The levels of IL-1α in patients were strongly associated with the development of aGVHD. Furthermore, preclinical results showed that the administration of IL-1α neutralizing antibodies markedly alleviated aGVHD and increased survival. Our study suggests that scheduling stem cell infusions early in the day could be a simple yet transformative intervention for preventing aGVHD.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.022

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00295-8