甜橙的起源和重新驯化，这一成果由华中农业大学徐强课题组经过不懈努力而取得。该研究于2025年3月5日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

本研究收集了226份甜橙材料并对其进行了测序，并组装了甜橙和甜橙的端粒-端粒二倍体基因组。在高分辨率单倍型基因组分析的基础上，该研究组推断甜橙起源于酸橙×柑橘杂交，并使用人工杂交实验证实了这一模式。研究人员发现了与防御相关的代谢物，这些代谢物可以有效地抑制多种体内重要致病菌的生长。在甜橙中引入多样性，在果实风味和抗病性方面表现出广泛的分离性，通过选择防御相关代谢物生产出抗溃疡病的甜橙。他们的发现阐明了甜橙的起源和重新驯化抗病甜橙，阐明了多年生作物快速驯化的策略。

据悉，甜橙在世界各地都有种植，但由于其单基因背景而遭受各种毁灭性疾病的困扰。阐明一种作物的起源有助于驯化新的作物，从而更好地应对新的挑战。

附：英文原文

Title: Origin and de novo domestication of sweet orange

Author: Liu, Shengjun, Xu, Yuantao, Yang, Kun, Huang, Yue, Lu, Zhihao, Chen, Shulin, Gao, Xiang, Xiao, Gongao, Chen, Peng, Zeng, Xiuli, Wang, Lun, Zheng, Weikang, Liu, Zishuang, Liao, Guanglian, He, Fa, Liu, Junjie, Wan, Pengfei, Ding, Fang, Ye, Junli, Jiao, Wenbiao, Chai, Lijun, Pan, Zhiyong, Zhang, Fei, Lin, Zongcheng, Zan, Yanjun, Guo, Wenwu, Larkin, Robert M., Xie, Zongzhou, Wang, Xia, Deng, Xiuxin, Xu, Qiang

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-05

Abstract: Sweet orange is cultivated worldwide but suffers from various devastating diseases because of its monogenetic background. The elucidation of the origin of a crop facilitates the domestication of new crops that may better cope with new challenges. Here we collected and sequenced 226 citrus accessions and assembled telomere-to-telomere phased diploid genomes of sweet orange and sour orange. On the basis of a high-resolution haplotype-resolved genome analysis, we inferred that sweet orange originated from a sour orange×mandarin cross and confirmed this model using artificial hybridization experiments. We identified defense-related metabolites that potently inhibited the growth of multiple industrially important pathogenic bacteria. We introduced diversity to sweet orange, which showed wide segregation in fruit flavor and disease resistance and produced canker-resistant sweet orange by selecting defense-related metabolites. Our findings elucidate the origin of sweet orange and de novo domesticated disease-resistant sweet oranges, illuminating a strategy for the rapid domestication of perennial crops.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02122-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02122-4