美国德州农工大学Mário G. Silveirinha团队研究了手性跃迁对量子摩擦的影响。相关论文于2025年3月3日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组从理论上研究了手性跃迁在作用于二能级原子的量子摩擦力中的作用，该原子以相对速度v平行于平面金属表面移动。他们发现摩擦力有一个分量对原子跃迁偶极矩的手性很敏感。特别是，该研究表明，摩擦力可以通过具有一定手性的偶极矩的原子跃迁来增强，并且几乎可以通过具有相反手性的偶极力矩来抑制。异常的是，增强基态摩擦力的过渡偶极矩的手性与自旋动量锁定的经典预期相反。研究组用正负频率振荡器之间的相互作用来解释这种差异。

附：英文原文

Title: Impact of chiral transitions in quantum friction

Author: Muzzamal I. Shaukat, Mário G. Silveirinha

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/03

Abstract: We theoretically investigate the role of chiral transitions in the quantum friction force that acts on a two-level atom that moves with relative velocity v parallel to a planar metallic surface. We find that the friction force has a component that is sensitive to the handedness of the atomic transition dipole moment. In particular, we show that the friction force can be enhanced by an atomic transition with a dipole moment with a certain handedness and can almost be suppressed by the dipole moment with the opposite handedness. Curiously, the handedness of the transition dipole moment that boosts the ground-state friction force is the opposite of what is classically expected from the spin-momentum locking. We explain this discrepancy in terms of the interaction between positive- and negative-frequency oscillators.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.032202

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.032202