兰州大学黄建平研究团队提出了生态系统转型导致物种丰富度的突然丧失。该研究于2025年3月3日发表于国际一流学术期刊《科学通报》杂志上。

在本研究中，研究组整合了多个生态系统变量来阐明生态系统变迁及其对物种丰富度损失的影响。他们的研究结果表明，物种丰富度在生态系统转型后急剧下降，因为不安全的生态系统的特征是植物覆盖和生产力减少，增温和干燥加剧，氧气产量减少。不安全的生态系统危及所有物种的生存，包括39.4%的受威胁鸟类和29.2%的受威胁哺乳动物。

研究组预测到2100年，在RCP8.5情景下，被认为不安全的生态系统面积将占全球陆地面积的40.4%，造成51.6%的物种丰富度损失。相比之下，超安全生态系统预计将占物种丰富度损失的18.1%。本研究确定生态系统转型是物种丰富度丧失的关键驱动因素，决策者在设计有针对性的保护策略时应考虑到这一点。

据悉，当越过生态阈值，生态系统从安全状态不可逆转地转向不安全状态时，就会发生生态系统过渡。然而，生态系统转型如何加剧物种丰富度的丧失仍然知之甚少。这阻碍了物种丰富度的有效保护，这是一个紧迫的全球优先事项。

附：英文原文

Title: Abrupt loss of species richness caused by ecosystem transition

Author: Jianping Huang a b

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/03

Abstract: Ecosystem transition occurs when ecological thresholds are crossed where ecosystems irreversibly shift from secure to insecure states. However, how ecosystem transition exacerbates species richness loss remains poorly understood. This hinders the effective protection of species richness, which is an urgent global priority. In this study, we integrated multiple ecosystem variables to elucidate ecosystem transitions and their impacts on species richness loss. Our findings reveal that species richness declines abruptly following ecosystem transition, as insecure ecosystems are characterized by reduced plant cover and productivity, intensified warming and drying, and diminished oxygen production. Insecure ecosystems imperil the survival of all species, including 39.4% of threatened birds and 29.2% of threatened mammal species. We project that by 2100, the ecosystem areas considered insecure will encompass 40.4% of the global land areas under RCP8.5 scenario, contributing to 51.6% of species richness loss. In contrast, hyper-secure ecosystems are projected to account for 18.1% of the species richness loss. This study identifies ecosystem transitions as critical drivers of species richness loss that should be accounted for by policymakers in designing targeted conservation strategies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.001

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095927325002245