全球人类对生物多样性的影响，这一成果由瑞士联邦水产科学技术研究所Florian Altermatt研究组经过不懈努力而取得。2025年3月26日出版的《自然》发表了这项成果。

研究小组汇编了2133份出版物，涵盖97,783个受影响和参考地点，创建了一个无与伦比的数据集，对所有主要生物群体、栖息地和五种最主要的人类压力的生物多样性影响进行了3,667次独立比较。在所有的比较中，研究组量化了生物多样性的三个关键指标，分别评估了这些人类压力如何推动生物群落在空间上的同质化和组成变化，以及当地多样性的变化。该研究团队发现，人类的压力明显改变了群落组成，减少了陆地、淡水和海洋生态系统的本地多样性。然而，与长期以来的期望相反，社区并没有明显的普遍同质化。至关重要的是，生物多样性变化的方向和幅度因所研究的压力、生物体和尺度而异。他们详尽的全球分析揭示了人类压力对生物多样性的一般影响和关键中介因素，并可以作为保护策略的基准。

据了解，人类活动造成了广泛的环境压力，包括栖息地变化、污染和气候变化，对生物多样性造成了前所未有的影响。然而，尽管经过数十年的研究，关于人类对生物多样性影响的尺度和程度的概括仍然含糊不清。在局部尺度上，生物多样性的发展轨迹存在着不同的观点，在跨空间生物多样性的同质化问题上更是如此。

附：英文原文

Title: The global human impact on biodiversity

Author: Keck, Franois, Peller, Tianna, Alther, Roman, Barouillet, Ccilia, Blackman, Rosetta, Capo, Eric, Chonova, Teofana, Couton, Marjorie, Fehlinger, Lena, Kirschner, Dominik, Knsel, Mara, Muneret, Lucile, Oester, Rebecca, Tapolczai, Klmn, Zhang, Heng, Altermatt, Florian

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-26

Abstract: Human activities drive a wide range of environmental pressures, including habitat change, pollution and climate change, resulting in unprecedented effects on biodiversity1,2. However, despite decades of research, generalizations on the dimensions and extent of human impacts on biodiversity remain ambiguous. Mixed views persist on the trajectory of biodiversity at the local scale3 and even more so on the biotic homogenization of biodiversity across space4,5. We compiled 2,133 publications covering 97,783 impacted and reference sites, creating an unparallelled dataset of 3,667 independent comparisons of biodiversity impacts across all main organismal groups, habitats and the five most predominant human pressures1,6. For all comparisons, we quantified three key measures of biodiversity to assess how these human pressures drive homogenization and shifts in composition of biological communities across space and changes in local diversity, respectively. We show that human pressures distinctly shift community composition and decrease local diversity across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Yet, contrary to long-standing expectations, there is no clear general homogenization of communities. Critically, the direction and magnitude of biodiversity changes vary across pressures, organisms and scales at which they are studied. Our exhaustive global analysis reveals the general impact and key mediating factors of human pressures on biodiversity and can benchmark conservation strategies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08752-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08752-2