中国农业科学院杨爱国研究团队揭示了同种异体四倍体烟草基因组和基因库基因组学研究为烟草基因组进化和复杂性状调控提供了新的思路。2025年3月26日出版的《自然—遗传学》发表了这项成果。

在这里，研究组展示了这三个物种的染色体规模组装，以及5196份烟草种质的基因型和表型数据。染色体重排和表观遗传修饰与多倍体后的基因组进化和表达协调有关。两个亚基因组和偏向于一个亚基因组的基因对复杂性状变异的贡献不均匀。利用178个标记-性状关联，构建了39个形态、发育和抗病性状的参考基因型-表型图谱，并验证了一个调节叶片宽度的新基因。在选择育种过程中检测到阳性选择和多基因选择的特征。他们的研究为异源四倍体烟草的基因组进化、复杂性状调控提供了见解，并为推进遗传和基因组研究提供了基因库规模资源的主题。

据了解，烟草是烟叶和卷烟的异源四倍体杂交种，是遗传学上的模式生物。然而，烟草的亚基因组进化、表达协调、遗传多样性和复杂性状调控等特征仍未得到明确。

附：英文原文

Title: The genome and GeneBank genomics of allotetraploid Nicotiana tabacum provide insights into genome evolution and complex trait regulation

Author: Zan, Yanjun, Chen, Shuai, Ren, Min, Liu, Guoxiang, Liu, Yutong, Han, Yu, Dong, Yang, Zhang, Yao, Si, Huan, Liu, Zhengwen, Liu, Dan, Zhang, Xingwei, Tong, Ying, Li, Yuan, Jiang, Caihong, Wen, Liuying, Xiao, Zhiliang, Sun, Yangyang, Geng, Ruimei, Ji, Yan, Feng, Quanfu, Wang, Yuanying, Ye, Guoyou, Fang, Lingzhao, Chen, Yong, Cheng, Lirui, Yang, Aiguo

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-26

Abstract: Nicotiana tabacum is an allotetraploid hybrid of Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis and a model organism in genetics. However, features of subgenome evolution, expression coordination, genetic diversity and complex traits regulation of N. tabacum remain unresolved. Here we present chromosome-scale assemblies for all three species, and genotype and phenotypic data for 5,196 N. tabacum germplasms. Chromosome rearrangements and epigenetic modifications are associated with genome evolution and expression coordination following polyploidization. Two subgenomes and genes biased toward one subgenome contributed unevenly to complex trait variation. Using 178 marker–trait associations, a reference genotype-to-phenotype map was built for 39 morphological, developmental and disease resistance traits, and a novel gene regulating leaf width was validated. Signatures of positive and polygenic selection during the process of selective breeding were detected. Our study provides insights into genome evolution, complex traits regulation in allotetraploid N. tabacum and the use of GeneBank-scale resources for advancing genetic and genomic research.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02126-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02126-0