近日，北京大学李焱团队研究了纠缠控制的矢量元全息术。相关论文发表在2025年3月25日出版的《光：科学与应用》杂志上。

超表面可以通过亚波长结构精确操纵入射光的振幅、相位和偏振，极大地推进了量子元全息成像。然而，目前使用量子全息术的方法只控制成像平面上的振幅或相位，因此没有偏振分布的标量全息术具有有限的成像通道。

研究组实验证明了使用纠缠信号闲散光子对的矢量元全息术可以实现远程控制的多通道量子成像。通过同时控制两个交叉偏振全息图像之间的振幅比及其在像平面上的相位差，偏振分布相应地随着入射偏振态而变化。精确的对应确保了32个入射偏振态的正确重建，平均保真度高达94.78%。

这使得纠缠的闲散光子能够远程控制由纠缠信号光子重建的全息图像，即使对于最大混合的量子态，信噪比也高达10.78dB。这种使用纠缠态的矢量元全息术具有更大的偏振态信息容量，将有助于小型化量子成像和高效的量子态层析成像。

附：英文原文

Title: Entanglement-controlled vectorial meta-holography

Author: Ye, Sheng, Han, Yue, Liu, Li-Zheng, Wan, Weiping, Wang, Ruiqi, Xun, Mingna, Li, Qiang, Gong, Qihuang, Wang, Jianwei, Li, Yan

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-25

Abstract: Metasurfaces can precisely manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light through subwavelength structures, greatly advancing the quantum meta-holographic imaging. However, the current methods of using quantum holography only control either the amplitude or the phase on the imaging plane, so the resulted scalar holography without the polarization distribution has limited imaging channels. Here, the vectorial meta-holography using entangled signal-idler photon pairs is experimentally demonstrated to realize remotely controlled multi-channel quantum imaging. By simultaneous control of the amplitude ratio between two cross-polarization holographic images and their phase difference on the image plane, the polarization distribution accordingly changes with the incident polarization state. The accurate correspondence ensures the correct reconstruction of 32 incident polarization states with an average fidelity up to 94.78%. This enables entangled idler photons to remotely control the holographic images reconstructed by the entangled signal photons, where the signal-to-noise ratio is as high as 10.78dB, even for maximally mixed quantum states. This vectorial meta-holography using entangled states has a larger polarization state information capacity and will facilitate miniaturized quantum imaging and efficient quantum state tomography.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01818-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-025-01818-w