近日，美国马里兰大学教授Mingshu Zhao团队研究了一维谐波阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的时空混沌和扩展自相似性。这一研究成果发表在2025年3月24日出版的《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组使用Gross-Pitaevskii方程模拟研究了受一维谐波陷阱约束的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）中的时空混沌。混沌产生于基态和激发态的非线性混合，由正李雅普诺夫指数证实。

通过以与质心振荡周期匹配的间隔对密度场进行采样，研究组分析了密度结构函数。空间和时间密度结构函数都通过扩展自相似性（ESS）揭示了柯尔莫哥洛夫型标度。该研究结果表明，ESS和密度结构函数为探索BEC中的时空混沌和湍流行为提供了实验可及的工具。

附：英文原文

Title: Spatiotemporal chaos and extended self-similarity of Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional harmonic trap

Author: Mingshu Zhao

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/24

Abstract: We investigate spatiotemporal chaos in Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined by a one-dimensional harmonic trap using Gross-Pitaevskii equation simulations. The chaos arises from nonlinear mixing of ground and excited states, confirmed by positive Lyapunov exponents. By sampling the density field at intervals matching the center-of-mass oscillation period, we analyze the density structure function. Both spatial and temporal density structure functions reveal Kolmogorov-type scaling through extended self-similarity (ESS). Our findings suggest that ESS and density structure functions provide experimentally accessible tools to explore spatiotemporal chaos and turbulencelike behavior in BECs.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033320

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033320