近日，西班牙卡洛斯三世国家心血管研究中心教授Andrs Hidalgo及其小组揭示了产生基质的中性粒细胞填充并保护皮肤。该研究于2025年3月19日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，该研究组研究了跨组织的免疫多样性，并确定了皮肤中的中性粒细胞群体，它们表达了构建细胞外基质所需的广泛蛋白质和酶。在原始皮肤中，这些产生基质的中性粒细胞有助于细胞外基质的组成和结构，增强其机械性能并促进屏障功能。受伤后，这些中性粒细胞在伤口周围形成基质“环”，保护伤口免受外来分子和细菌的侵害。这种结构程序依赖于TGFβ信号传导；使中性粒细胞中的TGFβ受体失活会破坏伤口周围的环形成，并促进细菌入侵。该研究团队推断，先天免疫系统已经进化出多种防御策略，包括一种物理上保护宿主不受外界影响的策略。

据介绍，对环境威胁的防御是由物理屏障提供的，它提供机械保护并防止微生物的进入。然而，如果微生物克服了这些障碍，先天免疫细胞就会释放有毒化学物质来杀死入侵的细胞。

附：英文原文

Title: Matrix-producing neutrophils populate and shield the skin

Author: Vicanolo, Tommaso, zcan, Alaz, Li, Jackson LiangYao, Huerta-Lpez, Carla, Ballesteros, Ivn, Rubio-Ponce, Andrea, Dumitru, Andra C., Nicols-vila, Jose ngel, Molina-Moreno, Miguel, Reyes-Gutierrez, Pablo, Johnston, Andrew D., Martone, Catherine, Greto, Eric, Qulez-Alvarez, Antonio, Calvo, Enrique, Bonzon-Kulichenko, Elena, lvarez-Velez, Rebeca, Chooi, Ming Yao, Kwok, Immanuel, Gonzlez-Bermdez, Blanca, Malleret, Benoit, Espinosa, Francisco M., Zhang, Ming, Wang, Yu-Long, Sun, Dasheng, Zhen Chong, Shu, El-Armouche, Ali, Kim, Kevin K., Udalova, Irina A., Greco, Valentina, Garcia, Ricardo, Vzquez, Jess, Dopazo, Ana, Plaza, Gustavo R., Alegre-Cebollada, Jorge, Uderhardt, Stefan, Ng, Lai Guan, Hidalgo, Andrs

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-19

Abstract: Defence from environmental threats is provided by physical barriers that confer mechanical protection and prevent the entry of microorganisms1. If microorganisms overcome those barriers, however, innate immune cells use toxic chemicals to kill the invading cells2,3. Here we examine immune diversity across tissues and identify a population of neutrophils in the skin that expresses a broad repertoire of proteins and enzymes needed to build the extracellular matrix. In the naive skin, these matrix-producing neutrophils contribute to the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix, reinforce its mechanical properties and promote barrier function. After injury, these neutrophils build ‘rings’ of matrix around wounds, which shield against foreign molecules and bacteria. This structural program relies on TGFβ signalling; disabling the TGFβ receptor in neutrophils impaired ring formation around wounds and facilitated bacterial invasion. We infer that the innate immune system has evolved diverse strategies for defence, including one that physically shields the host from the outside world.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08741-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08741-5