德国莱布尼茨大学Luis Santos团队研究了捕获偶极玻色混合物中双超固体的激发光谱。2025年3月13日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体是研究超固体的优秀平台，其特征是密度调制和超流性共存。偶极混合物的实现开辟了有趣的新场景，最引人注目的是实现由两个相互作用的超流体组成的双超固体的可能性。研究组分析了混溶捕获偶极玻色混合物的复杂激发光谱，表明它提供了关于双超固体状态的关键见解。

研究组表明，通过监测与每个组分的不同超流体特性相关的双超流体压缩模式的出现，可以很容易地在实验中探索这种机制。此外，偶极超固体混合物表现出偶极质子、希格斯激发和低戈德斯通模的非平凡自旋性质。有趣的是，对最低层模式的分析实现了监测其中一个成分向非相干液滴状态的转变，而另一个成分保持相干，突出了它们不同的超流体特性。

附：英文原文

Title: Excitation spectrum of a double supersolid in a trapped dipolar Bose mixture

Author: Daniel Scheiermann, Albert Gallemí, Luis Santos

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/13

Abstract: Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates are excellent platforms for studying supersolidity, characterized by coexisting density modulation and superfluidity. The realization of dipolar mixtures opens intriguing new scenarios, most remarkably the possibility of realizing a double supersolid, composed of two interacting superfluids. We analyze the complex excitation spectrum of a miscible trapped dipolar Bose mixture, showing that it provides key insights about the double-supersolid regime. We show that this regime may be readily probed experimentally by monitoring the appearance of a doublet of superfluid compressional modes, linked to the different superfluid character of each component. Additionally, the dipolar supersolid mixture exhibits a nontrivial spin nature of the dipolar rotons, the Higgs excitation, and the low-lying Goldstone modes. Interestingly, the analysis of the lowest-lying modes allows for monitoring the transition of just one of the components into the incoherent-droplet regime, whereas the other remains coherent, highlighting their disparate superfluid properties.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033310

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033310