首都医科大学唐毅团队报道了睡眠节律紊乱预示着阿尔茨海默病的认知能力下降。2025年3月12日出版的《科学通报》杂志发表了这项成果。

该课题组人员分析了93名患者的睡眠脑电图（EEG）、MRI、脑脊液（CSF） AD生物标志物的数据，并对三种人群进行了两年的认知评估：AD痴呆（n = 33）、AD引起的轻度认知障碍（MCI） （n = 38）和认知正常（CN, n = 22）。他们的研究确定了阿尔茨海默氏症患者睡眠节奏紊乱与认知阶段进展的演变模式。具体来说，从CN到MCI， so - θ突发耦合和so -主轴耦合的频率呈下降趋势；从MCI到AD痴呆，so - θ脉冲耦合和so -纺锤体耦合进一步错位。APOE ε4等位基因和淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白负荷升高与睡眠节律紊乱有关。海马和内侧前额叶皮层萎缩分别与so - θ脉冲耦合和so -纺锤体耦合的中断有关。值得注意的是，在两年的随访期间，睡眠节奏紊乱预示着认知能力的加速下降。他们的研究表明，将睡眠脑电图与脑脊液和MRI生物标志物相结合，可以增强对阿尔茨海默病进展的预测能力，这揭示了睡眠节律作为阿尔茨海默病监测和干预目标的潜力。

据悉，睡眠对记忆巩固的影响取决于慢振荡（SO）、θ波爆发和纺锤波的精确相互作用。这些睡眠节律耦合的中断在阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者中有报道。然而，尚不清楚睡眠节律在阿尔茨海默病进展过程中是如何演变的，以及睡眠节律紊乱是否会促进阿尔茨海默病的认知能力下降。

附：英文原文

Title: Coupled sleep rhythm disruption predicts cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

Author: Zhibin Wang a , Yunzhe Liu c d, Yi Tang a e

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/12

Abstract: The effect of sleep on memory consolidation depends on the precise interaction of slow oscillations (SO), theta bursts, and spindles. Disruption in coupling of these sleep rhythms has been reported for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is not known how the sleep rhythms evolve during AD progression and whether disrupted sleep rhythms facilitate cognitive decline in AD. Here, we analyze data of 93 individuals from sleep electroencephalography (EEG), MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and two-year cognitive assessments among three populations: AD dementia (n = 33), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 38), and cognitively normal (CN, n = 22). Our study identifies the evolving pattern of coupled sleep rhythm disruption with advancing cognitive stages in AD. Specifically, the frequency of SO-theta burst coupling and SO-spindle coupling decreases from CN to MCI; SO-theta burst coupling and SO-spindle coupling further misalign from MCI to AD dementia. The APOE ε4 allele and elevated amyloid and tau burden are associated with coupled sleep rhythm disruption. Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex atrophy are respectively linked to disruption of SO-theta burst coupling and SO-spindle coupling. Notably, coupled sleep rhythm disruption predicts accelerated cognitive decline over a two-year follow-up period. Our study presents that integrating sleep EEG with CSF and MRI biomarkers enhances the predictive ability for AD progression, which unravels the potential of sleep rhythms as monitoring and interventional targets for AD.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.023

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927325002531