水稻病毒感染的感知和抗病毒防御的启动，这一成果由北京大学李屹团队经过不懈努力而取得。该项研究成果发表在2025年3月12日出版的《自然》上。

通过接种携带自然形式病毒主题的昆虫载体对水稻的自然感染，研究团队发现病毒外壳蛋白被RING1–IBR–RING2型泛素连接酶（RBRL）感知，启动了水稻自然抗病毒反应的第一步。RBRL随后靶向茉莉酸途径转录抑制复合体的一个接子蛋白，NOVEL INTERACTOR of JAZ 3 (NINJA3)，通过泛素化系统降解，诱导茉莉酸信号传导并激活下游抗病毒防御。该课题组研究人员进一步表明，这种现象是水稻植物感知病毒感染并启动抗病毒信号级联反应的普遍分子机制。这种方法不仅对更深入地了解病毒与宿主的相互作用，而且对进一步的抗病育种也很重要。

研究人员表示，作物生产面临着虫媒传播的病毒性疾病的持续威胁。最近的进展揭示了植物对抗病毒病原体的复杂免疫机制。然而，植物宿主识别病毒感染并在发病时启动抗病毒防御的分子机制尚未阐明。

附：英文原文

Title: Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice

Author: Huang, Yu, Yang, Jialin, Sun, Xi, Li, Jiahao, Cao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Shengze, Han, Yanhong, Chen, Changtian, Du, Linlin, Li, Shuo, Ji, Yinghua, Zhou, Tong, Wang, He, Han, Jia-jia, Wang, Wenming, Wei, Chunhong, Xie, Qi, Yang, Zhirui, Li, Yi

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-12

Abstract: Crop production faces persistent threats from insect-vector-borne viral diseases. Recent advancements have revealed the intricate immune mechanisms that plants deploy against viral pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms through which plant hosts recognize viral infections and initiate antiviral defence at disease onset have not been elucidated. Here, through the natural infection of rice by inoculation with insect vectors carrying the natural forms of viruses, we show that viral coat proteins are perceived by the RING1–IBR–RING2-type ubiquitin ligase (RBRL), initiating the first step of the natural antiviral response in rice. RBRL subsequently targets an adaptor protein of the transcriptional repression complex of the jasmonate pathway, NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ 3 (NINJA3), for degradation through the ubiquitination system, inducing jasmonate signalling and activating downstream antiviral defence. We further show that this phenomenon is a universal molecular mechanism used by rice plants to perceive viral infections and initiate antiviral signalling cascades. This approach is important not only for obtaining a deeper understanding of virus–host interactions but also for further disease resistance breeding.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08706-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08706-8