密歇根大学Nathan J. Sanders研究小组近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们揭示了物种更替并不能拯救破碎景观中的生物多样性。相关论文于2025年3月12日发表在《自然》杂志上。

本文以来自6大洲的37项研究的4006个分类群为数据集，通过明确比较连续景观和破碎景观，来测试破碎化对生物多样性的影响。研究发现，破碎化景观的α多样性和γ多样性均较低。虽然破碎化景观确实倾向于具有更高的β多样性，但这并没有转化为更高的γ多样性。他们的研究结果驳斥了栖息地破碎化可以增加景观尺度上生物多样性的说法，并强调了恢复栖息地和增加连通性以减少不断增加的尺度上生物多样性损失的必要性。

研究人员表示，生境破碎化总体上降低了斑块尺度上的生物多样性（α多样性）。然而，如果斑块间多样性（β多样性）因破碎化而增加，那么这种负面影响是否能在景观尺度（γ多样性）上得到缓解，目前还存在争议。这个有争议的观点还没有经过严格的检验。

附：英文原文

Title: Species turnover does not rescue biodiversity in fragmented landscapes

Author: Gonalves-Souza, Thiago, Chase, Jonathan M., Haddad, Nick M., Vancine, Maurcio H., Didham, Raphael K., Melo, Felipe L. P., Aizen, Marcelo A., Bernard, Enrico, Chiarello, Adriano G., Faria, Deborah, Gibb, Heloise, de Lima, Marcelo G., Magnago, Luiz F. S., Mariano-Neto, Eduardo, Nogueira, Andr A., Nemsio, Andr, Passamani, Marcelo, Pinho, Bruno X., Rocha-Santos, Larissa, Rodrigues, Rodolpho C., Safar, Nathalia Vieira Hissa, Santos, Brulio A., Soto-Werschitz, Alejandra, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vieira, Simone, Sanders, Nathan J.

Issue&Volume: 2025-03-12

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation generally reduces biodiversity at the patch scale (α diversity). However, there is ongoing debate about whether such negative effects can be alleviated at the landscape scale (γ diversity) if among-patch diversity (β diversity) increases as a result of fragmentation. This controversial view has not been rigorously tested. Here we use a dataset of 4,006 taxa across 37 studies from 6 continents to test the effects of fragmentation on biodiversity across scales by explicitly comparing continuous and fragmented landscapes. We find that fragmented landscapes consistently have both lower α diversity and lower γ diversity. Although fragmented landscapes did tend to have higher β diversity, this did not translate into higher γ diversity. Our findings refute claims that habitat fragmentation can increase biodiversity at landscape scales, and emphasize the need to restore habitat and increase connectivity to minimize biodiversity loss at ever-increasing scales.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08688-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08688-7